leerjaar 2 TTO- 2 Nutrition and digestion

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Unit 2

• 1 Food and nutrients
• 2 Testing starch and glucose
• 3 Healthy food
• 4 How much is healthy?
• 5 Thinking about food
• 6 The digestive system

• 7 The teeth
• 8 The digestive organs

2.1 Food and nutrients

Foodstuffs are any product that you can eat or drink

Nutrients are the usable components in food

Dietary fibre

collective name for the indigestible parts of plants.

Dietary fibre helps the peristalsis

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Nutrients

- Proteins

- Carbohydrates

- Fats

- Water

- Minerals

- Vitamins 

The 6 nutrients have 4 different functions

Building blocks

Fuels (energy)

Reserves

Protective substances 

building blocks

Growth and development

repairing wounds 

making new cells and tissues

Proteins                  Water
Carbohydrates     Minerals
Fats                            Vitamins

Fuels

In every cell is respiration. 

Energy, movement, warmth

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats

Reserves

Nutrients can be stored up in the body

Carbohydrates

Fats

protective substances

to stay healthy

Vitamins

Minerals

2.2 Testing for starch and glucose

indicator

An indicator shows the presence of a substance. 

Iodine solution: brown/yellow  with starch: purple/black

Test strip can show the presence of glucose

2.3 Healthy food

Advice for healthy eating

- eat a varied diet

- do not eat too much and take plenty of exercise

- eat less saturated fat

- eat plenty vegetables, fruit, bread

- eat safely 

2.4 How much is healthy?

Energy= joule (calorie)

The amount of energy depends on a variety of factors

- gender

- age

- body size

- physical effort

- climate

- season 

BMI

Body  Mass Index

         weight (kg)           

BMI=  --------------- = kg/m2

height 2 (M2) 

Too much energy intake

Overweight, Obese (=overgewicht, obees)

Too little energy intake

Underweight (=ondergewicht)

Too little of (a certain type of) nutrients

Malnourishment (=ondervoeding)

Too much of (a certain type of) nutrients

Toxicity (too much of certain vitamins)

Eating disorders

Anorexia nervosa:  lose extreme amounts of weight

Bulimia nervosa:  vomit to get rid of the food, use large amounts of laxatives

Binge eating disorder: moments of eating a lot 

2.5 Thinking about food

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2.6 The digestive system

2.7 The teeth

2.8 The digestive organs