The Sovjet-Union 1922,1939

Life in the Sovjet-Union
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Life in the Sovjet-Union

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Sovjet-Union

  • Since 1922 the official name for Russia 

  • Dictatorship

  • One party has all the power

  • Secret police (NKVD, later KGB)

Slide 2 - Diapositive

Goals
  1. What economic changes were made under Stalin?
  2.  How does Stalin make a totalitarian state of the Soviet Union?
  3. How was the relationship between the Soviet Union and foreign countries?

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Lenin: 1917 - 1924
Stalin: 1928 - 1953

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Stalin
  • Actually his name was Joseb Dzhugashvili
  • Brute force of the Communist Party
  • Killed or expelled competitors within the party.

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Stalin
  • 1924 after the death of Lenin Stalin in power. 
  • Most powerful person communist party 
  • Stalinism: fear and terror

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Slide 7 - Vidéo


Industry


A new system came under Stalin.
This meant that the state decided what and how to produce.
What is this called?
Stalin wanted to show that the Soviet Union was a more powerful country was than the capitalist countries with their free market economy.

Slide 8 - Diapositive


Planeconomy


The Soviet Union became a planned economy under Stalin.
This meant that the state decided what and how to produce.

Stalin wanted to show that the Soviet Union was a more powerful country was than the capitalist countries with their free market economy.

Slide 9 - Diapositive

Five-year plans: these set out what was to be produced in the next five years.
That it was produced was usually more important than how it was produced: the quality and choice was limited.

Slide 10 - Diapositive


Glorification of
workers and farmers



The Soviet Union is a nation of workers and farmers,
These are the heroes of the land!

See the images, what is this an example of?

Slide 11 - Diapositive


Verheerlijking van
arbeiders en boeren




De Sovjet-Unie is een land van arbeiders en boeren,
dit zijn de helden van het land!

Overigens leek dit in propaganda veel mooier dan de realiteit was...

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Collectivisation
Agriculture had to change by working through 5-year plans. They had to produce more: surplus sales abroad
The proceeds are invested in machinery and factories.
Dozens of small independent farms were merged (collectivisation) into one large farm, a kolchoz.
The farming families worked and lived there together.
The land, the cattle, the tools, the harvest: everything belonged to everyone. 


Slide 13 - Diapositive

  • Also own farms were no longer allowed: there were collective agricultural farms. Many families on 1 farm
  • Did you not want this? Then you went to the Gulag (penal camp).

Slide 14 - Diapositive

No succes:
  1. Farmer became a worker
  2. All proceeds to the state
  3. Cattle are slaughtered instead of ceded
  4. Farmers have to leave their own village to work on a state farm

Slide 15 - Diapositive

            Totalitarian society

The Soviet Union became an extreme left-wing totalitarian society under Stalin:
A society in which the government has all the power in its hands and has a great influence on the lives of its citizens.
In a totalitarian society the individual is unimportant.

CHARACTERISTICS:



Slide 16 - Diapositive

1. Planeconomy
2. Dictatorship

Slide 17 - Diapositive

3. Personal Glorification
4. Indoctrination

Slide 18 - Diapositive

5: Terror!

  • Stalin saw opponents everywhere, especially in people who had an important role in the government or army. 
  • Between 1934 and 1938 Stalin had around 1 million 'opponents' arrested and convicted. 
  • The Soviet Union is thus 'purified'.

Slide 19 - Diapositive

Stalin used everything to increase and maintain his power in the country. 
Stalin determined what was written in the newspapers and in the history books: former allies were 'written out of it'.
What do we call it?

Slide 20 - Diapositive

original picture of 1918
first forgery  1924

Slide 21 - Diapositive

second forgery 1926

Slide 22 - Diapositive

Great Terror

  • 1934-1938
  • Stalin saw enemies evertywhere
  • Penal camps
  • Show trials

Slide 23 - Diapositive


Gulag

  • Millions of 'opponents' ended up in a gulag, a penal camp.
  • In these 'parenting camps' the prisoners had to perform forced labour under very difficult circumstances.
  • Some of these camps did not even have fences, because escaping was pointless: the cold and the wolves would eventually kill you.
  • Approximately 12 million people died in these camps. 

Slide 24 - Diapositive


Showtrials

  • Opponents were (mostly) falsely accused and sentenced to severe penalties in an unfair trial.
  • In this kind of show trial, the outcome was determined before the trial had started or one was guilty.

Slide 25 - Diapositive

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Slide 26 - Diapositive

    § 3 De Sovjet-Unie en het buitenland

Slide 27 - Diapositive

Positie van de Sovjet-Unie tussen 1917-1941
  • Moeizame relatie met andere landen

  • Enige communistische land ter wereld

  • Erg gesloten land

  • Niet-democratisch 

Slide 28 - Diapositive

Redenen
  1. Engeland en Frankrijk hadden tegenstanders van het communisme gesteund tijdens de burgeroorlog
  2. 1938: Sovjet-Unie geen deelname conferentie van München
  3.  Engeland en Frankrijk lieten toe dat Duitsland het Sudetenland inlijfde

Slide 29 - Diapositive


Slide 30 - Diapositive

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
augustus 1939



  • Hitler en Stalin zijn elkaars politieke vijanden
  • Hitler wil er echter zeker van zijn dat de Sovjet-Unie geen oorlog tegen hem  gaat beginnen, als Duitsland Polen aanvalt.
  • Na Duitse inval Polen wordt het land verdeeld onder Duitsland en Sovjet-Unie
  • Ze  sluiten een niet-aanvalsverdrag.

Slide 31 - Diapositive

Begrippen uit deze les
  • Stalinisme
  • Planeconomie
  • Vijfjaren Plannen
  • Totalitiare staat
  • Indoctrinatie
  •  Collectivisatie
  • Kolchozen
  • Goelag
  • Grote terreur
  • Showprocessen
  • Niet-aanvalsverdrag

Slide 32 - Diapositive

Jaartallen uit deze les
  • 1924
  • 1928
  • 1929
  • 1930
  • 1934-1938
  • 1939

Slide 33 - Diapositive

Personen uit deze les
  • Lenin
  • Stalin

Slide 34 - Diapositive

????????
Waarom was men in het buitenland erg verrast toen Stalin met Hitler het niet-aanvalsverdrag sloot?

Slide 35 - Diapositive

Slide 36 - Vidéo

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Slide 37 - Diapositive

Slide 38 - Vidéo