Lesson 7 — Chapter 3 chemistry booklet

• Science
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Class layout – Science

Class layout – Science

Class rules — Science

During classical moments:

• You are quite
  
• If you have a question — You raise your hand

During working moments — Two modes:

• Working in silence.
• Working in whisper tone.

Break these rules:

• You're put out of the class with a yellow card — you go to the olc — Come back at the end of the lesson.
  
• Consequence: You will stay one hour extra on Friday. 
  

This lesson

• Recap
  
• Mixtures
  
• States of matter
  
• Working on exercises
  

Substances

Substance: 

• A particular kind of matter with uniform properties.

Examples of substance properties:

•  Colour
• smell
• texture
• Density
• melting and boiling point

Macro & Micro

Macro

• Can be observed with your senses.
  

• Describes the behaviour of matter at the level of normal human experience. 

Micro

•  cannot be observed with your senses.

• Can only be observed with special instruments.

• Describe the behaviour of matter at the level particles.

Boiling Water:

Macro Scale: Bubbles forming and rising to the surface, causing the water to appear to boil.

Micro Scale: At the molecular level, increased heat energy causes water molecules to move faster and break free from the liquid phase, forming vapor bubbles.

Rusting of Iron:

Macro Scale: Observation of reddish-brown rust forming on the surface of iron objects exposed to air and moisture.

Micro Scale: Iron atoms react with oxygen and water molecules in the air, forming iron oxide (rust) through a series of chemical reactions.

Macro & Micro — Examples

A candle burning:

• Macro Scale: You can see a flame and it gives of light and heat.
  

• Micro Scale: Wax molecules vaporize and react with oxygen in the air, breaking down into carbon dioxide and water vapor, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.
  

Macro & Micro — Examples

Rusting of Iron:

• Macro Scale: A reddish-brown rust is forming on the surface of the iron. The texture of the iron changes.
  

• Micro Scale: Iron atoms react with oxygen and water molecules in the air, forming iron oxide (rust) through a series of chemical reactions.
  

Heterogeneous mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures

Solid, liquid, gas

Link

Homework

The exercises of chapter 3 from the booklet