2. end § 2.5 Europe, Asia & Africa

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

You can explain - with the help of examples - how the relationship was between Europe and
(1) Africa, (2) Asia and (3) the Middle East
at the end of the 19th, beginning of the 20th century.

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Video § 2.5 part 1 & 2

WB § 2.5

Last time 

Europe and East Asia  

Gandhi influenced by modern idea's nationalism and democracy 

Modern Imperialism - The (forcefull) European expansion of power in Asia and Africa after 1870, which created large colonial empires.

Non cooperation - Cotton 

Today 

Europe and Africa, the run on Africa 

Don't forget to take a look at: 2.5 europe and the middle east. 

Research Question / middle east

The borders of Iraq, Syria and Jordan are rather straight.

How is this possible and

what does it have to do with the First World War?

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Sykes- Picot Agreement

The Sykes–Picot Agreement (/ˈsaɪks ˈpiːkoʊ, - pɪˈkoʊ, - piːˈkoʊ/[1]) was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire.

(Britain) Sir Mark Sykes and  (French) François Georges-Picot

Colossus of Rhodes 

1884 - Scramble for Africa 

expansion 

modern imperialism 

Cartoon analysis

• Who
• Where
• When
  
• What
• Why

Cecil Rhodes

 Depicts Cecil Rhodes as a giant standing over the continent holding a telegraphic line, a reference to his desire to build a "Cape to Cairo" rail and telegraph line and connect most of the British colonies in Africa. 

Based on one of the seven wonders of the world, the colossus of Rhodes. 

Cecil

He was prime minister of Cape Colony (1890–96) and organizer of the giant diamond-mining company De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. (1888). 

Dutch in South Africa

• Jan van Riebeeck founded the first VOC trading post in 1652 (Dutch east India)

• Beginning of the Dutch Cape Colony
  

British takeover

• The Cape Colony came into British hands in 1806
• Relations with the Boers (descendants of Dutch colonists) were difficult, among other things because of the abolition of slavery.
• Boers founded independent republics outside the Cape Colony: the Great Trek (1835-1840

Boer Wars

• After the Great Trek, two large Boer republics emerged: Transvaal and Orange Free State
• The British wanted to annex these areas (amongst others: because of gold and modern imperialism)
• After the Second Boer War (1899-1902), the independent Boer republics came to an end
  
• During the war, the British used concentration camps (>25,000 victims)

1910: South Africa became a dominion (= autonomous part of the British empire)

Afrikaners (= white descendants of the Dutch, British call them Boers) gained power & Afrikaans is official language

Apartheid

Division of land: white vs black

• White population 'gets' 87% of the (best) land
  
• Black population "gets" 13% of the (often worse) land
• The black population is allocated 10 independent areas: homelands

Apartheid

Racial segregation has existed since the arrival of the first whites.

Whites were always in the minority and felt threatened by the black majority.

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You can explain - with the help of examples - how the relationship was between Europe and
(1) Africa, (2) Asia and (3) the Middle East
at the end of the 19th, beginning of the 20th century.

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Check  WB § 2.5

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