Prefixes/prepositions

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Prefixes

Next week's Why Files: Shadow People or The Betz Sphere?

Take a look at these examples

legal                    illegal

wanted              unwanted

regular               irregular

literate               illiterate

What's the difference between the words?

The difference is

base word        opposite

legal                    illegal

wanted              unwanted
regular               irregular
literate               illiterate

Another difference is

no prefix          prefix

legal                    illegal

wanted              unwanted
regular               irregular

literate               illiterate

So what do they do?

Prefixes

Prefixes change the meaning of a word. We do the same in Dutch:

legaal > illegaal

gewild > ongewild

regelmatig > onregelmatig

alfabeet > analfabeet

What does Prefix mean?

A prefix is when you add a meaningful element before the base form of a word:

wise      unwise

obey        disobey

smoker             non-smoker

complete       incomplete

Are there any rules?

Not really. You can only study prefixes by studying the words they belong to. Sometimes it is easy, because you already know a lot of them. Sometimes you have to look them up in a dictionary.

But there must be some rules?

There are minor rules for spelling though.

ir- is always followed by an r

im- is always followed by an m or p

a- is always followed by a consonant (medeklinker)

This does not work the other way around.

Also remember

Not every word with a prefix is negative:

alike (the same)

illuminate

important

involve

Which is the correct opposite of honest?

1. unhonest
2. ilhonest
3. dishonest
4. mishonest

Which is the correct opposite of reliable?

1. irreliable
2. unreliable
3. disreliable
4. inreliable

Which is the correct opposite of agree?

1. misagree
2. unagree
3. iragree
4. disagree

Which is the correct opposite of behave?

1. Disbehave
2. Misbehave
3. Unbehave
4. Desbehave

Which is the correct opposite of understand?

1. Ununderstand
2. Misunderstand
3. Disunderstand
4. Irunderstand

Which is the correct opposite of possible?

1. Mispossible
2. Irpossible
3. Impossible
4. Dispossible

Which is the correct opposite of sense?

1. Missense
2. Dissense
3. Irsense
4. Nonsense

Grammar 2: Prepositions

Prepositions

Prepositions of Time

on (dagen / data)

at (tijdstippen + feestdagen & weekend)

in (dagdelen / jaren / maanden / seizoenen)

since (sinds) from ... to/until (van ... tot)

within (binnen) for (voor)

Prepositions of Place

in (in)  next to (naast) between (tussen) on (op)

between (tussen) opposite (tegenover) behind (achter)

near (dichtbij) above (boven) below (onder) by (bij)

at (op/bij) in front of (voor) on the top of (bovenop)

in front of (vooraan)

Prepositions of movement

across (over) onto (boven op) up (omhoog) down (omlaag)

into (naar binnen) out of (naar buiten) past (langs)

round (omheen) towards (naar toe) through (door heen)

off (van af) under (onder) over (over) to (naar)

from (van weg)

Prepositions after verbs/adjectives

Break in (inbreken)

Cut off (afsnijden)

Get away (wegkomen)

Ask for (vragen om)

Waiting for (wachten op)

Travel to (reizen naar)

Preposition of direction:
He reached ... the table for the pen.

1. across
2. over
3. from
4. into

Fill in the prepositions of place:

Do you take sugar __ your coffee?

1. at
2. on
3. in
4. among

Prepositions of place

What is opposite the school?

1. bank
2. post office
3. market
4. zoo

which preposition fits the gap?
this table is made ........ wood

1. from
2. of
3. with

which preposition fits the gap?
Cheese of made ...... milk

1. from
2. of
3. out of
4. with

Preposition of direction:
She ran .... the stairs.

1. over
2. down
3. through
4. off

Which preposition?
We drove .... pretty villages

1. in
2. through
3. across
4. from

Prepositions of time:
There are no classes ______ summer.

1. at
2. in
3. on

Which preposition is correct?
The Netherlands is ... sea level.

1. below
2. under
3. beyond
4. by

In het NL zou je zeggen: onder zee niveau

In het Engels is de regel: 

under = er is direct iets onder het object

The paper is hidden under the rock

below = onder in de zin van op een lager niveau.

Preposition of direction:
She ran .... me.

1. across
2. into
3. through
4. off

Let's get to work!

Lesson 4: do ex 5 & 6 (prefixes)

ex. 7 (prepositions)

page 157-159

= Homework for next week