Chapter 7.1 Japan, country in the ring of fire (part 2)

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 1

Chapter 7.1 

Japan, country in the ring of fire.

(Part 2)

Natural forces change the earth's crust.
Natural forces that change the earth's crust from outside are called ......

1. exogenic forces
2. endogenic forses

Exogenic

Endogenic

Erosion

tectonic

plates

Inner core

Crust

Mantle

Outer core

Solid

Very thin

Convection current

Liquid

What causes the magma to flow around in the mantle?

1. The heat in the core of the earth
2. The heat of the sun's rays on the earth

What is the name of the process of circulation of magma in the mantle?

What is the difference between lava and magma?

Two different earth plates

1. Oceanic plate (Thin but heavy)
2. continental plate (Thick but lighter)

Tectonic plate types

Oceanic plate

• Tectonic plate underneath an ocean.
• Quite thin, only up to 10 kilometres. 
• Type of rock: basalt (heavy)

Continental plate

• Tectonic plate that makes up the continents.
• Much thicker than oceanic plates, between 35 and 40 kilometres. Underneath large mountains, such as the Himalayas, the crust can even be up to 75 kilometres thick. 
• Type of rock: granite (lighter than basalt)

Tectonic plates of the world

The Netherlands lies on the Eurasian Plate.

This is the plate boundary between the South American Plate and the African Plate.

This is the plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.

Look at the places where most earthquakes and volcanoes take place. What do you notice?

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

What are the effects of plate movements?

Transform

* earthshakes

Earth plates slide past each other. That is not gradual, but difficult. Tension is built up. If there is too much tension, the plates will shoot to discharge the tension.

Heavy earthquakes are born.

divergent

Two oceanic plates are moving away from eachother.

Because of the high pressure in the 

mantle, the magma rise up. 

When it comes into contact with 

seawater, the magma solidifies.

A mountain range is created on 

the sea floor.  --> mid-oceanic ridge

convergent

• When two continental plates collide with each other :

              continental plates (lighter) will push each other up.

               --> mountain range

convergent

• When an oceanic plate collide with a continental plate (subduction):

               the heavier oceanic plate will sink back in the mantle. 

               the lighter continental plate will rise up.

--> vulcanos

--> trench

--> mountains

Ring of fire

Learn chapter 7.1 

Do assignment 7-8-9 on the geo online.