H5 - week 48 - 2021 - Short stories general & Lamb tt Slaughter title & theme_The Lottery video

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 5

Today's class

Can do:

Short stories - understanding elements of the short story The Lottery 

by looking at theme, setting, main characters, external conflict, foreshadowing, climax

by watching the video

HW next week first class:

• Grammar ex. C - sentences 31-61
• Writing informal/formal letter Oef. 2 (opdrachten 1 + 2) OR writing a formal essay

(Thesis: All schools should offer city trips abroad to students)

• Study examenidioom units 5 & 6

Lamb to the Slaughter

Title

Theme

Dramatic irony

Questions to review:

setting/protagonist/antagonist/climax

Explain the title "Lamb to the Slaughter"

What is dramatic irony & when does it occur in Lamb to the Slaughter?

Literary devices

Dramatic irony is used in Lamb to the Slaughter: at which point is this used in the story?

Irony:

when the speaker means the opposite of what (s)he says (for humorous effect)

"Don't go overboard with the gratitude" she said to her unthankful husband.

Dramatic irony:

the audience or reader knows what is going to happen but the character (play/novel) doesn't

Lamb to the Slaughter - Title Explained

1) Literal meaning: 

2) Figurative meaning:

A)Lamb to the Slaughter (proverb): To undergo something without a fight

B) How does the title apply to the story?

C) Who is initially the "lamb"?

D) Who is eventually the stronger one?

 Lamb to the Slaughter - Title 

Lamb to the Slaughter (proverb): To undergo something without a fight

How does the title apply to the story?

1)  Literal meaning: 

Mrs. Maloney "slaughters" (murders) her husband with a leg of lamb (bevroren lamsbout)

2) Figurative meaning:

Mrs. Maloney - a lamb ("zwak"/afhankelijk/meegaand) kills and is the opposite of someone undergoing something without a fight. Her husband wants to divorce her, and she does not simply accept this (undergo this without a fight), but kills him instead

Who is initially the "lamb"?

Theme

Theme= 

a central idea about life the story highlights

the main idea (universal truths)

(i.e. love/hate/revenge/coming of age/innocence/death etc.)

Themes of Little Red Riding Hood (Roodkapje): Trust/Innocence vs deception

Moral: don't trust strangers/obey your parents/rely on your internal warning system

Look at: 

• conflict & 
• what side of the conflict the story represents
• how is the conflict resolved -> who wins and who loses

Theme

• The central idea about life / Universal truth 

(e.g. love/oppression/sacrifice/marriage/betrayal)

Q. What is the theme in "Lamb to the Slaughter"?

Theme Lamb to the Slaughter

The central idea about life high-lighted in the story:

1. Survival
2. Revenge

What is the exactly the difference between a short short story and a longer short story?

Setting of Lamb to the Slaughter
When/Where?

Give the definition of climax in
a short story

What is the exact moment of the climax in Lamb to the Slaughter?

Who are the main characters in Lamb to the Slaughter?

Who are the secondary character of Lamb to the Slaugher?

What is the difference between
main and secondary characters?

Who is the protagonist in
Lamb to the Slaughter?

 Objectives

Short Stories

Understanding :

• what short stories are & their characteristics (plot/setting/characters/theme)
• two literary devices - irony & dramatic irony
• Reading and understanding Lamb to the Slaughter

Remaining time:

Grammar -  (work individually)

Read - Short story "Genesis and Catastrophe" - answer Q. 1/2/3

Short story

• A brief, imaginative narrative containing:

few characters, 

simple plot, 

conflict, 

suspense, 

swift conclusion.

• Can be read in one sitting

• Short short story = 3-5 pages / Short story = 10-12 pages / Long short story = up to 20 pages

Four elements Short Story

1. Plot
2. Setting
3. Characters
4. Theme

Plot - definition

Chain of events in a story, consisting of 6 elements:

 

1. exposition
2. inciting incident
3. rising action
4. climax
5. falling action
6. resolution

Element 1 - Plot (6 parts)

A) Exposition: introduces the reader to 

• setting (when/where/basic situatio)
• characters
• narrative hook

B) Inciting incident: the first major action in the story that sets the story in motion

C) Rising action: incidents that carry the plot along:

• Foreshadowing: a literary device that hints at events occurring later on in the plot
• Flashback: a literary device that inserts an earlier event in the timeline; that looks back at a past event 
• Conflict: what prevents the main character from getting what (s)he wants
• Internal conflict: person vs self
• External conflict: person vs person/society/environment/technology/fate etc.

Element 1 - Plot (6 parts)

D) Climax - the highest point of interest in the story when the character solves his/her struggles; highest point of emotion

     Can be subjective -> different answers, you need proof from the story to support answer

E) Falling action - The character completes the action of his/her decision

F) Resolution - the final workings of the story's conflict; all loose ends are (usually) tied up here.

     There can be a narrative twist = a surprise ending

Element 1 - Plot  (6 parts)

D) Climax - the highest point of interest in the story when the character solves his/her struggles; highest point of emotion

     Can be subjective -> different answers, you need proof from the story to support answer

E) Fallling action

Element 2 - Setting (when/where/mood/atmosphere)

When and where does the story take place

When = present/past/future; time of day; season

Where = country, planet, town, building, surroundings 

Both create:

1) mood = the writer's attitude towards the subject (NOT the characters' mood)

2) atmosphere = the feeling the setting evokes (mysterious, happy, eerie etc.)

Element 3 - Characters

1. What types of characters are there in a short story?
   
2. What are their roles in the plot?
   

Element 3 - Characters

• Protagonist - "good guy - person audience is rooting for", main character that solves conflict

• Antagonist - "bad buy - person audience wants to fail", creates conflict for the main character
  

• Secondary characters - move the plot along, may not be involved in conflict
  

Element 3 - Character -> traits

character traits = physical and personality characteristics revealed through:

• What the character him-/herself does & says 

• What the other characters say or do about the character

• What the author states directly

• What the author implies (suggests/not explicitly written)

Element 4 - Theme

Theme = 

a central idea about life the story highlights

the main idea (universal truths)

(i.e. love/hate/revenge/coming of age/innocence/death etc.)

Look at: 

conflict & 

what side of the conflict the story represents

how is the conflict resolved (who wins and who loses)

Little Red Riding Hood - Theme

Theme = 

a central idea about life the story highlights

the main idea (universal truths)

(i.e. love/hate/revenge/coming of age/innocence/death etc.)

Themes: Trust/Innocence vs deception

Moral: don't trust strangers/obey your parents/rely on your internal warning system

Look at these to determine the theme: 

what is the conflict & 

what side of the conflict does the story represent

how is the conflict resolved (who wins and who loses)