Les 5 - 2.3 intro Changing cities

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Planning

• Quick recap of the answers of the assignment from §2.2
• Start §2.3
• Time for homework

Key words §2.3

Suburbanisation - Movement of people from cities to the suburbs

Edge city - An area with a concentration of offices, shopping centres and facilities for recreation. Residential areas that sprouts near motorway intersections at the edges of large cities

Suburbs - Living area at the edge of a city

CBD (Central Business District) - Centre of a city housing all types of offices

Gentrification - Process of the renewal of deteriorated neighborhoods in high class residential areas. Also leading to the rise of the level of facilities in the neighborhood

Leerdoelen

• You know how a western city is built up.
• You can describe the structure of an American city using a map or model.
• You understand the difference between an American and a European city

storymaps.arcgis.com

Look at Egypt and the United states at night. One has a good example of a primate city. The other has a good example of an urban network. Explain which keyword fits with which country, and explain how the storymap shows this.

• Cairo in Egypt is a Primate City
• The United states has an Urban Network

Look at South-America and Europe. How can the airline routes in both continents be used to explain the relation between Urbanization and income?

• The link between urbanization and income is that countries with high income have high degrees of urbanization, and often an urban network. 
• Countries with lower income have a more varying degree of urbanization, and often primate cities
• While the degree of urbanisation is similar the amount of internal air traffic in Europe suggests the existence of an urban network, while the air traffic in South-America is indicative of primate cities.

Extra Challenge: Why are there barely any airlines connecting South America and Africa? And which places are these continents connected to? Explain why this is the case.

• They do not have strong historical ties, and they both produce goods from the primary sector. This means they don't have much to trade.
• They are connected to Europe and North America. This is due to historical (colonial) ties and high demand for the products produced in Africa and South-America.

Western cities

• American cities
• European cities

The American city

From the edge to the centre

• Suburb - Living area at the edge of a city
• Suburbanisation - Movement of people from cities to the suburbs
• Mostly by rich people

The American city

From the edge to the centre

• Suburb
• Megamall

The American city

From the edge to the centre

• Suburb
• Megamall
• Middle income area

The American city

From the edge to the centre

• Suburb
• Megamall
• Middle income area
• Lower income area
• Aka ghetto

The American city

From the edge to the centre

• Suburb
• Megamall
• Middle income area
• Lower income area
• CBD (Central Business District)
• Centre of a city housing all types of offices

CBD

The CBD, or central business district, is where you find high rising buildings at the centre of the American city. This is where big businesses have their offices and where the stock markets like Wall Street are located.

Old residential areas

Old residential areas in American cities were largely abandonend by people with a higher income. This left the poorer people behind and led to a degradation in the quality of these neighbourhoods. This is where you find the ghetto's.

Edge city

Due to many people moving outside of the city as a result of suburbanisation the facilities followed. This in turn created cities at the edge of the city. which were largely independent from the main city.

suburb

The rich people moved out of the city centre and into more spacious suburbs. They would often still work in the CBD. These people working in the city but living outside a city are called commuters (forensen).

Malls

Outside the city massive megamalls sprung up. These enormous stores ran smaller stores inside the city out of business. This led to a further degradation of the city centre.

Middle-income areas

These are residential areas around the city which are inhabited by the people who cannot afford living in a suburb, but are rich enough not to live in the ghetto's.

Old industrial area

Cities used to be formed around large industrial areas. These places can still be found in many cities. Most of these industrial areas are no longer in use and are places where gentrification takes place. This is a process where places are made more popular and disirable by inhabitants.

Model of the American city

Which two factors contributed to the degradation of the poor neighbourhoods at the centre of town?

The European city

Differences with the American City

• CBD is outside the city
• Historic inner city
• Inner city is inhabited by richer people -> gentrification

Gentrification

Gentrification - Process of the renewal of deteriorated neighborhoods in high class residential areas. Also leading to the rise of the level of facilities in the neighborhood

Voorbeeld: NDSM werf Amsterdam

• Oud industriegebied
• Goedkope plek voor creatievelingen
• Groeit in prijs en populariteit
• Creatievelingen moeten weg wegens prijs, maar 
• betere buur blijft over

Next lesson

We are going to talk about non-western cities

Homework

Assignment 1, 3, 4 and 7 of §2.3