4.6 The Netherlands during WW2 (Holocaust)

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The Holocaust

4.6 The Netherlands during WW2

At the end of this lesson...

• You will be able to know the difference between the concepts Shoah and Holocaust.
• You will be able to explain the 4 steps that were taken by the Nazi's to eliminate the Jews. 
• You will be able to explain what life was like in a concentration camp. 

Holocaust

The meaning of Holocaust

• Meaning:  a Jewish sacrificial offering that was burned completely on an altar. 
• Shoah: Used 12 times in the old Testament. Means Destruction, annihilation,  demise, etc.
• ''Shoah'' is a better name. 

Phase 1

Bullying and humiliating

Fase 1

Pesten en vernederen

Kristallnacht

9th of November 1938

• A young jew, Herschel Grynszpan, killed a Nazi in Paris. 
• Germans destroy jewish property after a radio speech from  Joseph Goebbels, 
• The police and the SS were ordered  not to intervene. 

Phase 2

Exclude

•  The Nazi's want to exclude the Jews from public life in Germany.
• Buying products in Jewish stores? Real Germans don't do that. 

Fase 3

Ghettos

(name comes from the Medieval times: 

Jewish neighbourhood in Venice)

Life was hard in the Gettos: 

There was not enough living space for 

the thousands of people who had to live there. 

Another problem in the Ghettos was the

shortage of food. Many people died of

malnutrition.

• Concentration camps were much 'easier to oversee'  'and more efficient' to solve the ''Jewish problem''.
• In Gettos you could find ways to hide from the Germans. In concentration camps, this was pretty much impossible. 

Warning!

The images in this part of the lesson can be experienced as shocking.

Phase 4a

Elimination of the Jews

The murder of Jews started early on in the war. However it wasn't systematic yet.

Lots of executions were done by the SS-Einsatzgruppen.

Phase 4b

Systematic elimination of the Jews

Endlösung (=final solution)

A picture made in secret by the resistance of

women who are walking towards the gas chambers.

Zyklon B

• It was originally a pesticide against vermin and existed before the war.

• Zyklon B consists of granules (=korrels) that evaporate (prussic acid= blauwzuur) when they come into contact with air.

Zyklon B

Het was oorspronkelijk een bestrijdingsmiddel tegen ongedierte 

en bestond al vóór de oorlog.

Zyklon B bestaat uit korrels die verdampen (blauwzuur) 

als ze in contact komen met lucht.

All evidence had to be destroyed.

clothes, pictures.....bodies. 

Life in the camps

Can you name some concentration camps?