Gerund

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Gerund 

Identify The Present Participle

You are going to watch a video of Queen singing "Don't Stop Me Now" with lyrics. If you listen and read carefully, you will see many present participles (ing-forms). Can you identify their function in the sentence? Are they continuous verb forms, adjectives, or... a gerund?

00:31

"I'm TURNING" & "I'm FLOATING" are examples of a(n) ... ?

1. gerund
2. present continuous
3. adjective
4. past continuous

00:53

"a RACING car" & "a SHOOTING star" are examples of a(n) ... ?

1. gerund
2. present continuous
3. adjective
4. past continuous

00:58

"There is no STOPPING me" is an example of a(n) ... ?

1. gerund
2. present continuous
3. adjective
4. past continuous

The words in red are examples of the gerund.

• 1. Smoking is forbidden in the barbershop. (subject)
• 2. I look forward to seeing you next week. (after preposition)
• 3. He loves running. (after "opinion" verbs: love/hate/enjoy/prefer etc)
• 4. Could you start doing your homework?  (after verbs to do with stop/start/finish/ continue)
• 5. That dress isn't worth buying. (after certain expressions)
  

• -ing staat achter sommige woorden
• Vraag de leerlingen: Welk woord staat er voor? 

Gerund

Je gebruikt de '-ing vorm' als een soort zelfstandig naamwoord:

 1. Als het onderwerp van de zin.

Example: Biking in the mall is forbidden. 

2. Na voorzetsels. 
Example: She's fond of cycling.

3. Na werkwoorden die zeggen hoe je iets vindt. (like, love, hate, enjoy, etc.)

Example: I love going to the movies. 

Thanks for inviting me to the party!

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

Smoking is forbidden in this school.

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

I enjoy spending time with you.

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

The words in red are examples of the gerund.

• 4. Could you start doing your homework?  (after verbs to do with stop/start/ begin/finish/ continue)
  
• 5. That dress isn't worth buying. (after certain expressions: it's no use /(don't) mind / can't/couldn't help/ (not) worth)

• -ing staat achter sommige woorden
• Vraag de leerlingen: Welk woord staat er voor? 

It's worth trying to sell it.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

Everybody had finished speaking.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

He put off seeing her.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

 to-infinitive

• Na ww die een gevoel/gedachte uitdrukken (hesitate/ hope/ want/ expect/ choose)
• Na ww die 'iets zeggen'  uitdrukken (agree/ promise/ demand/ forbid/ refuse)
• In combinatie met would: would love / would hate/ would like etc
• Na de ww learn/ manage/ fail/ tend

This student refuses to do his homework.

I would love to visit Australia one day.

Exceptions

We can also use 'to' with certain verbs and it means the same as the gerund form

1. Start
   
2. Begin
3. Continue 
4. Like
5. Love
6. Hate
7. Prefer
8. Stop 

Bijvoorbeeld: I hate getting up early / I hate to get up early. (de betekenis is hetzelfde)

LET OP! Twee mogelijkheden:

 Bij to remember zijn twee mogelijkheden

• Remember to buy vegetables. Betekent het 'iets onthouden' dan gebruik je infinitive
• I remember buying vegetables for only 10 cents when I was young. Betekent het 'iets herinneren' dan gebruik je de gerund

LET OP! Twee mogelijkheden:

Bij to stop/start /begin zijn twee mogelijkheden:

At 11 o'clock she stopped to smoke a cigarette. (ze is ergens mee bezig en stopt hiermee om te gaan roken.)

At 11 o'clock she stopped smoking a cigarette. (Ze stopt met roken en gaat iets anders doen.)

LET OP! Twee mogelijkheden:

Bij to regret zijn twee mogelijkheden:

I regret to inform you that this train has been cancelled. (It's unfortunate that; not something you did)

I regret immediately  informing  him of her death. He took it very badly. (feeling bad about a past decision you made)

LET OP! Twee mogelijkheden:

Bij to try zijn twee mogelijkheden:

I tried to stop him from leaving; now we don't know where he is. (it was impossible to stop him from leaving)

I have decided to try  using  less salt on my food. (maybe it will taste good with less salt)

LET OP! Twee mogelijkheden:

Bij to forget zijn twee mogelijkheden:

I forgot to post the birthday card for my mother, so I apologised to her. (something you forgot to do)

I forgot  posting  the birthday card for my mother, so I was surprised she called me to thank you. (didn't remember)

LET OP! Twee mogelijkheden:

Bij to go on zijn twee mogelijkheden:

After making dinner, I went on to set the table. (do the next action/ in the future)

He went on speaking for two hours. (continue with the action)

It's worth ... an effort.

1. to make
2. making

They would love ... the lottery.

1. to win
2. winning

Angelina doesn’t mind … care of the kids.

1. to take
2. taking

Don’t you think it’s time to stop … video games?

1. to play
2. playing

In the end, we decided … early.

1. to leave
2. leaving

Fill in gerund or to+infinitive:
I hope ... the exam.(pass)

to + infinitive or the gerund?
I don't want _______ (leave) yet.

to + infinitive or the gerund?
________ (laugh) is good for you.

Fill in gerund or to+infinitive: I hope .... the exam.(pass)

to + infinitive or the gerund?
He decided _______ (study) biology.

to + infinitive or the gerund?
I truly dislike _______ (wait).

to+infinitive or the gerund?
Do you remember ...(write) that article last year?

to+infinitive or the gerund?
Five years later she regrets (give up) her job.

Do you understand this Grammar item?

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