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Chapter 4
4.1 Life in the countryside
Welcome!
Slide 1 - Diapositive
At the end of this lesson...
You candescribe how the economy changed in the Early Middle Ages in western Europe and give the reasons for those changes.
You can describe what a medieval manor looked like.
You can explain how the manorial system worked and the place serfs had in that system.
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Today
What do you know already (+- 10 min)
Explanation (+- 20 min)
Draw your own manor! (+- 15 min)
Slide 3 - Diapositive
Time of Monks and Knights (500 - 1000)
In white you see a helmet, like knights wore. In the background you see part of a monastery. Knighthood and the Christian church belong to the Time of monks and knights.
Feniks, Geschiedenis Werkplaats, Memo, Saga
Slide 4 - Diapositive
What do you know about the Middle Ages?
Slide 5 - Carte mentale
First the name:
The Middle Ages
The period after the Roman Empire (Ancient Times) and before the Modern Era.
It lies in the middle of those two periods: intermediate period
between 500 and 1500
Early Middle Ages: 500-1000
Late Middle Ages: 1000-1500
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Troubled times in Europe
500-800
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire there were many wars
Travel was dangerous and most people lived in villages.
Large cities, such as Rome, were no longer there
An agrarian society emerged. Almost everyone worked as a farmer, except for a small elite of administrators, soldiers and priests.
Slide 7 - Diapositive
Manor
A village with agricultural land was called a manor
The lord of the manor, for example a knight, was the boss of a manor: all the land was his.
Slide 8 - Diapositive
Demesne
Farm holdings
The lord of the manor lives here.
His own farm is here.
All proceeds go to the lord.
The other farmers live here.
Divided into smaller plots of land, each of which was worked by a farmer and his family.
The farmers have to give part of their produce to the lord.
Forests, swamps and rivers
Provide wood, nuts, game and fish.
All proceeds go to the lord of the manor.
Wastelands
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Manorial System
Hungry
Poor
Unsafe
Lord of the manor
The lord gives:
Protection
Farmland
In exchange, the serfs give:
A part of their produce
Servile duties
Serfs
Slide 10 - Diapositive
A donjon, or motte-and-bailey castle, was a fortified watchtower. The lord lived here when there was danger.
The area outside the domain consisted of the land of the free farmers and the wastelands, uncultivated areas and forests.
The free farmers had to fight together with the lord during a war. They had to pay for the armor themselves.
The lord's fields were worked by serfs. There were fields where the entire yield went to the lord, and there were fields where part of the yield went to the serf farmers. Incidentally, they also had to pay their rent from this yield.
This was the farm (farmstead) of the lord. The lord lived here when there was no danger. The produce of his fields was stored in barns. In houses next to the lord's farm, the serf farmers lived in case of danger, such as war.
Here were stables for the animals and orchards.
Serfs lived outside the manorial court (the lord's farm) during times of peace
By manorial system we mean the entire system of lords and serfs, including rent and servile duties.
