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AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023
Slide 1 - Diapositive
Describe how you feel right now
using an emoji.
😒🙁😐🙂😃
Slide 2 - Sondage
define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1
explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron
identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table
I intend to:
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Slide 3 - Diapositive
explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion
construct equations to represent first, second and subsequent ionisation energies
identify and explain the variation in successive ionisation energies of an element
I intend to:
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Slide 4 - Diapositive
deduce the electronic configurations of elements using successive ionisation energy data
deduce the position of an element in the Periodic Table using successive ionisation energy data.
I intend to:
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Slide 5 - Diapositive
AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Write the noble gas electron configurations or shorthand EC of Elements 1 to 36.
Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
timer
10:00
Slide 7 - Diapositive
Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
REMEMBER 💭
The Periodic Table is split up into four main blocks depending on their electronic configuration:
s-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in an s-orbital)
p-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in a p-orbital)
d-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in a d-orbital)
f-block elements (Have their valence electron(s) in an f-orbital)
Slide 8 - Diapositive
Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Exemption to the Rule: Electronic configurations
Chromium and Copper have the following electron configurations, which are different to what you may expect:
Cr = [Ar] 3d5 4s1not [Ar] 3d4 4s2
Cu = [Ar] 3d10 4s1 not [Ar] 3d9 4s2
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Review
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Free radical - a species with one or more unpaired electrons.
Slide 10 - Diapositive
AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023
Slide 11 - Diapositive
Is energy needed to remove
valence electrons?
Yes.
No.
Slide 12 - Sondage
Study this!
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Ca (g) → Ca+(g) + e-
IE1 = + 590 kJ mol- @298 K , 101 kPa
WALT: Define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1
Slide 13 - Diapositive
Study this!
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Ca (g) → Ca+(g) + e-
IE1 = + 590 kJ mol- @298 K , 101 kPa
In a statement form, what does the equation tell you?
WALT: Define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1
Slide 14 - Diapositive
Study this!
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Ca (g) → Ca+(g) + e-
WALT: Define and use the term first ionisation energy, IE1
The first ionisation energy of Calcium is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of the gaseous Calcium.
Slide 15 - Diapositive
docs.google.com
Slide 16 - Lien
Ionisation Energy
29 August 2023, Tuesday
D E F I N I T I O N
Ionisation energy - the amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous ions.
measured under standard conditions @298 K , 101 kPa
unit of measure - kilojoules per mole (kJ mol-)
Slide 17 - Diapositive
First Ionisation Energy
29 August 2023, Tuesday
E X A M P L E
Ca (g) → Ca+(g) + e- IE1 = + 590 kJ mol- @298 K , 101 kPa
The first ionisation energy of Calcium is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of the gaseous Calcium to form one mole of 1+ ions.
Slide 18 - Diapositive
Attractive Force in an atom
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron
Slide 19 - Diapositive
Attractive Force in an atom
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Can you break this attractive force?
WALT: Explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron
Slide 20 - Diapositive
Attractive Force in an atom
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Can you break this attractive force?
ionisation energy
WALT: Explain that ionisation energies are due to the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron
Slide 21 - Diapositive
Nuclear charge
Shielding
Atomic or ionic radius
Spin-pair repulsion
Factors affecting the magnitude of ionisation energy
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion
Slide 22 - Diapositive
increases with increasing proton number
stronger attractive force between the protons and electrons
greater nuclear charge = higher ionisation energy needed
Factor 1- Nuclear charge
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion
Slide 23 - Diapositive
more shells = more shielding effect due to inter-electron repulsion
more shielding = weaker attractive force
more shielding = requires lower ionisation energy
Factor 2 - Shielding
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion
Slide 24 - Diapositive
Slide 25 - Diapositive
Which has the most shielding effect?
Slide 26 - Diapositive
Which has the most shielding effect?
Slide 27 - Sondage
larger radius = outer electrons are farther away from the nucleus
greater distance from the nucleus = weaker attractive force
weaker attractive force = less ionisation energy needed
Factor 3 - Atomic or ionic Radius
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion
Slide 28 - Diapositive
Slide 29 - Diapositive
Spin-pair repulsion happens when the electron being removed is spin-paired with another electron in the same orbital.
Non-spin-paired electrons are more difficult to remove, requiring more ionisation energy.
Factor 4 - Spin-pair repulsion
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic/ionic radius, shielding by inner shells and sub-shells and spin-pair repulsion
Slide 30 - Diapositive
AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023
Slide 31 - Diapositive
Using the given chart on the first, second, third, and fourth ionisation energies of elements, construct a bar graph.
The x-axis is the element in symbol with atomic number, and the y-axis is the first ionisation energy, in kJ mol-.
Share your graphs with the class.
Week 4 - Activity A (Paired)
29 August 2023, Tuesday
timer
10:00
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table
Slide 32 - Diapositive
Conclusions
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Ionisation energies show periodicity.
Across a period
nuclear charge increases
atomic radius decreases
shielding remains constant
gets harder to remove an electron
ionisation energy increases
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table
Slide 33 - Diapositive
Conclusions
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Down a group
nuclear charge increases
atomic radius increases
distance from the nucleus increases
shielding increases
gets easier to remove an electron
ionisation energy decreases
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table
Slide 34 - Diapositive
Conclusions
29 August 2023, Tuesday
Sudden decrease in IE
He to Li
Ne to Na
Slight decrease in IE
Be to B
N to O
WALT: Identify and explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table
Slide 35 - Diapositive
Slide 36 - Diapositive
AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023
Slide 37 - Diapositive
Which is easier to remove?
valence e- from a neutral atom
valence e- from an gaseous ion
Slide 38 - Sondage
Successive ionisation energy of elements
29 August 2023, Tuesday
increases
WALT: Construct equations to represent first, second and subsequent ionisation energies
Ca0(g) → Ca+(g) + e-
Ca+(g) → Ca2+(g) + 2e-
Slide 39 - Diapositive
Successive ionisation energy of elements
29 August 2023, Tuesday
increases
WALT: Identify and explain the variation in successive ionisation energies of an element
Slide 40 - Diapositive
Successive ionisation energy of elements
29 August 2023, Tuesday
increases
WALT: Identify and explain the variation in successive ionisation energies of an element
Slide 41 - Diapositive
AS Level Chemistry 9701
Topic 1.1 Particles in the atom and atomic radius
29 August 2023
Slide 42 - Diapositive
Ionisation Energies and Electronic Configuration
29 August 2023, Tuesday
WALT: Deduce the electronic configurations of elements using successive ionisation energy data
Successive ionisation data can be used to:
Predict or confirm the simple electronic configuration of elements
Confirm the number of electrons in the outer shell of an element
Deduce the Group an element belongs to the Periodic Table
Slide 43 - Diapositive
Ionisation Energies and Electronic Configuration
WALT: Deduce the electronic configurations of elements using successive ionisation energy data
Deduce the position of an element in the Periodic Table using successive ionisation energy data
Slide 44 - Diapositive
Self-Assessment for Learning
29 August 2023, Tuesday
T O D O:
Identify two ideas you do not understand quite well in our sessions.
Ask someone who can explain and write the explanations in your notebook.
Verify your learning from a classmate by sharing it with the teacher.