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Slide 1 - Diapositive
AGE 2. The Time of Greeks and Romans
2.3 Greek Culture
Slide 2 - Diapositive
What is this lesson about?
The Ancient Greeks had a rich culture. They lived with the gods as they did with other people. The presence of the gods is seen in sports (Olympic Games), the theatre (Greek tragedies) and in the arts (mythology, etc.).
Slide 3 - Diapositive
Word Duty
columns / pillars: round straight stone constructions that can carry the roof of a temple or similar building
Olympic Games: games that were held every four years at Olympia, to honour Zeus
Pan-Hellenic: games that were held for all the Greeks. (pan = all, every, whole, all-inclusive, Hellas = Greece)
mythology: stories of the gods and demi-gods
philosophers: people who make a living just by thinking and talking about all sorts of things
comedies: Greek theatre plays that ridicule politics or philosophy
tragedies: Greek theatre plays that are about people and the gods. Normally they do not end well
KEY WORDS
Slide 4 - Diapositive
Important dates in this lesson:
776 BC: first Olympic Games held at Olympia
Slide 5 - Diapositive
What you can explain / do after this lesson
that the Greeks created literature, that is still read today
that the Greeks developed scientific and architectural ideas that are still used today
how Greek culture spread beyond Greece in the time of Hellenism
where the Olympic Games come from
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Introduction
There are still many things in our everyday lives that come from the Ancient Greeks. Maybe you have heard of Pythagoras in your maths class, or been to a play written by an Ancient Greek. Or maybe you noticed a fancy building with columns or just watched the Olympic Games on TV. All these things come from the Ancient Greeks.
source 2.3.1
Only Greek men competed in the ancient Olympic games whereas the modern games include women athletes and athletes from many countries. (Composite: Dennis Lan. Image Sources: iStock; Wikimedia Commons/tompagenet.)
Slide 7 - Diapositive
Greek games
The Olympic Games > in honour of Zeus
Big sporting event > only men in the nude
In some poleis only men were allowed to watch
Started in 776 BC, once every four years
Three other Pan-Hellenic games > big occasions for all of Greek
All of them in honour of the gods
Truce
source 2.3.3
The Olympic flame lighting ceremony at Olympia, Greece, 2003
source 2.3.2
A sporting event on a Greek vase.
Slide 8 - Diapositive
Greek architecture
To honour the gods, the Greeks constructed temples > decorated with stories from victories or mythology.
Columns (pillars) are made in proportion > to make sure that the pillar looks the same
Also constructed theatres: semicircles around a stage.
Needed great acoustics
Making it easier > building a theatre in a natural place
source 2.3.9
Greek theatre in Pargamon. The rulers of Pergamon wanted to show they were very cultured (3rd century BC).
source 2.3.8
The Parthenon, a temple on the Athenian Acropolis. Its construction began in 477 BC.
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Workbook
Finish page 14 an 15 of 2.3
If your name is called, go to the teacher for a HW check!
source 2.3.9
Greek theatre in Pargamon. The rulers of Pergamon wanted to show they were very cultured (3rd century BC).
source 2.3.8
The Parthenon, a temple on the Athenian Acropolis. Its construction began in 477 BC.
Slide 10 - Diapositive
A. __________kept the temple upright.
B. __________, band of sculpture along the temple. Used to show stories and honour the gods.
C. ___________, the triangular at the
top of the temple.
D. ___________ with steps so that people could get up on the plateau.
5. Read "Greek architecture". You must also use internet to find information to do this task.
First: drag the four words (left) to their correct place in the text (right). The green boxes with letters A, B, C, D represent the text lines A, B, C, D in the yellow box. Second: drag the green boxes to the correct Roman numerals I, II, III, IV.
A
B
C
D
Frieze
Pillars
Plateau
Tympanum
Slide 11 - Question de remorquage
Greek theatricals
Speech with a little flair > SUPER IMPORTANT!
Lots of debates in politics > professional speakers
Philosophers made a living with thinking an talking: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
Even have researchers! Like Eratosthenes who calculated the circumference of the Earth.
Not everyone agrees with philosophers > debating or writing plays
Euripides > plays that ridicule politics or philosophy: comedies.
Tragedies > doesn't end well for humans
source 2.3.11
A play is being performed in a Greek theater. 19th century illustration
source 2.3.10
The Death of Socrates, by Jacques-Louis David (1787). Socrates was visited by friends in his last night at prison. His discussion with them gave rise to Plato's Crito and Phaedo.
Slide 12 - Diapositive
Slide 13 - Vidéo
Scholars and scientists
Some things happen because of the gods: people getting sick:
Hippocrates > it's possible to find the 'bad liquids'. Every doctor swears the oath of Hippocrates
Others looked for general truths, in maths for example:
Pythagoras discovered the relation between the sides and length of a triangle
Archimedes discovered buoyancy, and upward force in a fluid
Aristotle > father of Western logic, had his own school
They got museums and libraries
The foundation of Western science > the process of looking for general truth: Truths that also worked if you did not believe in the old gods at all.
source 2.3.13
the Pythagoras' theorem, a formula to calculate the diagonal side of a right-angled triangle.
source 2.3.12
The exclamation "Eureka!" (meaning "I have found it") is attributed to the ancient Greek scholar Archimedes. He reportedly proclaimed "Eureka! Eureka!" after he had stepped into a bath and noticed that the water level rose, whereupon he suddenly understood that the volume of water displaced must be equal to the volume of the part of his body he had submerged. He is said to have been so eager to share his discovery that he leapt out of his bathtub and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse.