CH2 sec. 2.3.1 French Revolution part 1

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• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Memo hm 2 TTO

CH2 The age of wigs and revolutions

The French Revolution

2.3. French Revolution part 1

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 2.3.1

1) I can explain what an Estates based society is and describe the three Estates.

2) I can name the estates that had privileges and give an example of these privileges.

3) I can explain why citizens and farmers in France were dissatisfied with the government of their country.

You know the terms and dates of this section.

Estate-based society

France was a  estate-based society (= standenmaatschappij).  
Your place in society (estate) was determined by birth. 
Society consisted of three estates:  

• 1st estate: clergy  
• 2nd estate: nobility   
• 3rd estate: rest of society (around 98%)
  

Estate-based society

Every estate had its own task and place in society:

• 1st estate: pray
• 2nd estate: fight (help king govern).
• 3rd estate: work (provide food and goods) 
  

Estate-based society

There were big differences within the 3rd estate.
To this estate belonged: (in order of importance!) 

• Rich citizens in the cities. Merchants, lawyers, judges, bankers, etc). This group is also called bourgeoisie.  
• Artisan (crafspeople) and shopkeepers
• The farmers in rural areas and poorly-paid labourers in the cities.  
  

Estates-based society

• Lowest layer had to work hard (especially the farmers).
• Many farmers only owned small pieces of land or leased (rented) land from landlords. 
  
• After payment of rent and taxes, there was little left for themselves.

Estates-based society

• Although some members of the 3rd estate (bourgeoisie) were rich they had no say in government.

• Couldn't get an important job in Church, administration or army.

What is an estate-based society?

1. A society in which there's great equality
2. A society divided into estates
3. A society that revolved around religion
4. A society ruled by clergymen

What were the three estates in 18th century France?

1. Clergy, nobility, 3rd estate (soldiers)
2. Soldiers, nobility, 3rd estate (citizens/workers/farmers)
3. Clergy, nobility, 3rd estate (citizens/workers/farmers)

Privileges

Only the 1st and 2nd estates had privileges:

• Only the nobility could get high positions in the Church, administration and army. 
• The 1st and 2nd estates didn't have to pay taxes, but could collect taxes. 
• The 1st and 2nd estates had their own court of justice. 
  

Privileges

Duties of the 3rd estate:

• Farmers had to work at least 1 day a week for the 1st and 2nd estates free of charge (= feudal services / servile duties).
• People from the 3rd estate had to pay taxes.
  

• People from the 3rd estate would receive more severe punishments when they committed crimes than the 1st and 2nd estates. 

Dissatisfaction in France

Estate based society:

• First and second estate didn't pay taxes.
• First and second estate had privileges.

• Third estate had no privileges, but had to pay taxes.

Dissatisfaction in France

In the 18th century, rich citizens and peasants (third estate) didn't agree with the government of the king.

• Farmers and poor people in particular suffered from the high taxes on food, such as bread and salt.
  
• Rich citizens thought it was unfair that they had to pay a lot of tax, but had no say in government.

Which of the three estates had only duties and no privileges?

1. the 1st estate
2. the 2nd estate
3. the 3rd estate

With estates had a lot of privileges and very few duties?

1. The farmers, citizens and nobility
2. The clergy and nobility
3. The clergy, the farmers and citizens
4. The citizens, clergy and nobility

"We do pay taxes, but have no say in government. That is unfair! "
To which group does this statement belong?

1. Farmers
2. Wealthy citizens
3. Nobility
4. Clergy

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 2.3.1

1) I can explain what an Estates based society is and describe the three Estates.

2) I can name the estates that had privileges and give an example of these privileges.

3) I can explain why citizens and farmers in France were dissatisfied with the government of their country.

You know the terms and dates of this section.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.