Hydrocarbons and Homologous series

• Chemistry
• Secondary Education
• Age 12,13

Hydrocarbons

Topic 6. Organic Chemistry 

19 January 2024

• Displayed Formulae
• General Formulae
• Structural Formulae

Recap

• Watch What is a Hydrocarbon? What are Alkanes? in advance.
  

Guide Questions:

1. What is Organic Chemistry?

2. What is a hydrocarbon?

3. Give one example of a hydrocarbon.

4. Why is butane a hydrocarbon but not butanol?

5. What is an alkane?

6. Given 4 examples of alkanes.

7. What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

8. What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Flipped Activity

• the chief source of organic compounds (mixture of hydrocarbons)

Petroleum

Hydrocarbons

• organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only

What do you notice about the hydrocarbon section of the molecule below?

Types of Hydrocarbons according to bond number

• Saturated hydrocarbons
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Which do you think is a saturated hydrocarbon?

• All carbon-carbon covalent bonds are SINGLE bonds.

Saturated Hydrocarbons

• contain at least one carbon-carbon DOUBLE bond

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• contain at least one carbon-carbon TRIPLE bond

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Comparison: Saturated vs Unsaturated

How would you know that a compound is saturated or unsaturated?

How would you know that a compound is saturated or unsaturated?

Chemical Test for Unsaturation

Positive Results

Chemical Test for Unsaturation

Hydrocarbons

Topic 6. Organic Chemistry 

19 January 2024

'Families' of Hydrocarbons

• Alkanes = all carbon-carbon single bonds
• Alkenes = at least one carbon-carbon double bond
• Alkynes = at least one carbon-carbon triple bond

'Families' of Hydrocarbons

'Families' of Hydrocarbons

'Families' of Hydrocarbons

'Families' of Hydrocarbons

Homologous series

Topic 6. Organic Chemistry 

19 January 2024

• a family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group

Homologous series

Functional group

• the atom, or group of atoms that gives the series its particular characteristic properties

Alkanol / Alcohols

Alkanoic acid / Carboxylic acid