HVG3 Reading Strategies P4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Reading strategies

HVG 3 P4

Learning goals :

At the end of theme 4, you can…

- prove that you have achieved a sufficient level in at least 2 language skills;

- analyze reading texts based on text structures and reading strategies;

- summarize the main idea of a text;

- distinguish what is important in a text and what is not;

- point out and explain the writer’s opinion;

- understand and explain the meaning of parts of the text;

- compare and contrast different texts and draw conclusions from the information.

Your reading should be at level A2-B1

Learning goals week 21:

This week you will learn:

- about what text structures are;

- how to identify text structures.

Exercise :

- Text structures & linking words

Text Structure & Linking Words

Text Structure explanation:

- It refers to how information is organized in a passage. 

- The structure of a text can change many times in a work and even within a paragraph.

- Understanding text structures can help you make and interpret arguments.

Text Structure layout:

Descriptive – A topic, idea, person, place, or thing that is described by listing its features, characteristics, or examples.

Signal words: For example, such as, in addition, adjectives, looks like, characteristics are…,

Cause and Effect – It explains the reasons why something happened or explains the effect of something.

Signal words: since, because, due to, if, as a result of, so, then, leads to, consequently, therefore, as a result

Compare and Contrast – This shows how two things are alike, or how two things are different.

Signal words Compare: similar to, alike, same as, not only…but, also, resemble, as well as, both

Signal words Contrast: different from, however, although, on the other hand, as opposed to, more than/less than, on the contrary

Chronological order – Describes events in order in a timeline or explains the steps one must follow to do something or make something.

Signal words: First, second, next, last, another, then, finally, after that, before, after

Problem and Solution – Similar to cause and effect, it tells a problem and gives a solution to it.

Signal words: Consequently, therefore, as a result, thereby, leads to, because of

Linking words examples: 

Giving examples - For example, for instance, namely

Addition – And, in addition, as well as, also, too, furthermore, moreover, apart from this, in addition to, besides

Comparison – Similarly, equally, likewise, just as, just like, similar to, same as

Contrast – Unlike, nevertheless, on the other hand, nonetheless, despite/in spite of, in contrast (to), while, whereas, alternatively, conversely, even so

Illustration – For example/For instance, such as, including, namely, in this case, proof of this, like, to demonstrate/to clarify 

Order – First/firstly, Second/secondly, Third/thirdly, finally, at this time, following, previously, before, subsequently, above all, last but not least, first and foremost

Reason – Because of, With this in mind, in fact, in order to, due to

Result – As a result, as a consequence (of), therefore, thus, consequently, hence, for this reason, due to

Summarizing (used at the beginning of the sentence)- In short, In brief, In summary, To summarize, In a nutshell, To conclude, In conclusion, In closing, Briefly, In short, Altogether, All in all

(For more information/explanation  about  vocabulary linking words, click to the slide at the end of the lesson, taken from a previous lesson) 

Exercises 

The dodo bird used to roam in large flocks across America. Interestingly, the dodo wasn’t startled by a gunshot. Because of this, frontiersmen would kill entire flocks in one sitting. Unable to sustain these attacks, the dodo was hunted to extinction.

1. compare and contrast
2. descriptive
3. problem and solution
4. cause and effect

When I got home from school after a long boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly, and bread. After taking the lid off of the jars, I spread the peanut butter on one side of the bread and the jelly on the other, and then I put the two pieces of bread together. After that, I enjoyed it while watching “Riverdale” on Netflix. I swear that was the best peanut butter and jelly sandwich I ever ate.

1. compare and contrast
2. chronological order
3. descriptive
4. cause and effect

Read the text, give your answer, and an explanation.
All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and physically. Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of matter. Physical changes are those that do not change the make-up or identity of the matter. For example, clay will bend or flatten if squeezed, but it will still be clay. Changing the shape of clay is a physical change, and does not change the matter’s identity. Chemical changes turn matter into a new kind of matter with different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it becomes ash and will never be paper again. The difference between them is that physical changes are temporary or only last for a little while, and chemical changes are permanent, which means they last forever. Physical and chemical changes both affect the state of matter.

Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic beasts are disappearing at an alarming rate. Dr. Miller thinks that we should write to our Congressmen. If we let them know that we demand the preservation of this species, maybe we can make a difference. Dr. Miller also thinks that we should donate to Save the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and empower those who are fighting the hardest to preserve the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do something.

Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago but unlocked the secrets of chess in a Brooklyn apartment right above a candy store. At the age of six, he taught himself to play by following the instruction booklet that came with his chessboard. After spending much of his childhood in chess clubs, Fischer said that “One day, I just got good.” That may be a bit of an understatement. At the age of 13, he won the U.S. Junior Chess Championship, becoming the youngest Junior Champion ever. At the age of 14, he won the U.S. Championship and became the youngest U.S. Champion in history. Fischer would go on to become the World Champion of chess, but he would also grow to become his own worst enemy. Instead of defending the title, he forfeited it to the next challenger without even making a move, and the rise of a chess superstar ended with a fizzle.

Coral snakes are distinguished by their red, yellow/white, and black-colored banding. Most species are small in size. North American species are around 1 meter in length but specimens of approximately 1.5 meters or slightly larger have been reported.

1. Descriptive
2. Compare and contrast
3. Cause and effect
4. Chronological order

Homework week 21:

- Work on the skill from your skills plan

- Online Stepping Stones

Bridging the Gap Exam preparation: 11 Reading exercise 1 + 2

Bridging the Gap Exam preparation: 12 Reading exercise 1 + 2

Extra: The LessonUp link on the following page contains linking word exercises and explanations used from a previous lesson. 

www.lessonup.com