Historical Skills

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Historical Skills

Content

• Objective & Subjective (Fact & Opinion)
• Continuity and change
• Reliability
  

Causes - direct and indirect

Cause: The reason why something happens ...

What caused Howard Carter's puzzlement about Tut's tomb?

1. The tomb had been built underground
2. The tomb was quite small
3. The tomb didn't contain a mummy
4. The tomb had already been emptied by others

What was the direct cause for Nick Reeves' theory of a secret room behind Tut's burial chamber?

1. He heard something move behind the wall
2. He found a floorplan in Tut's sarcophagus
3. An art company had made scans of the walls
4. Howard Carter had made notes of it

What was a direct cause for Reeves' doubts about the picture of the Pharaoh Ay?

1. The picture of Ay looks too much like Tut
2. The picture of Ay is clearly female
3. The picture of Ay looks too much like Nefetiti
4. Ay wasn't Tut's successor

What was an indirect cause for Reeves' doubts about the picture of Nefertiti?

1. The scans, made by the art company
2. The picture of Nefertiti looks too much like Tut
3. Earlier pictures of Nefertiti that have been found
4. Tut's burial chamber was built to the right

Consequences - intended and unintended

Consequence: something that happens as a result of something else ...

What was an unintended consequence of Sextus' visit to the public toilet?

1. He wiped his butt with a sponge
2. He got splinters in his bottom
3. He felt better after relieving himself
4. His face got covered in poop

Objective (Fact) and (Subjective) opinion

Fact: A thing that is known and proved to be true
Opinion: A view or judgement about something

Charlemagne

His father was Pepin the Short, the Frankish leader. Do you think he was short? He definitely was very short! Pepin became the king of the Franks in the year 751 CE. In 754 Pope Stephen II unfortunately appoointed both Charlemagne and his younger brother Carloman as the next rulers of the Franks.
When Pepin died he left his empire to his two sons. Not sure this was such a good idea as they used to fight a lot! But eventually his younger brother Carloman died, and the empire was left to Charlemagne!

Charlemagne

His father was Pepin the Short, the Frankish leader. Do you think he was short? Maybe he was! He became the king of the Franks in the year 751 CE. In 754 Pope Stephen II officially crowned Pepin and then anointed both Charlemagne and his younger brother Carloman.
When Pepin died he left his empire to his two sons. Not sure this was such a good idea as they used to fight a lot! But eventually his younger brother Carloman died, and the empire was left to Charlemagne.

An objective element of the source was..

An subjective element of the source was..

Charlemagne

His father was Pepin the Short, the Frankish leader. Do you think he was short? He definitely was very short! Pepin became the king of the Franks in the year 751 CE. In 754 Pope Stephen II unfortunately appoointed both Charlemagne and his younger brother Carloman as the next rulers of the Franks.
When Pepin died he left his empire to his two sons. Not sure this was such a good idea as they used to fight a lot! But eventually his younger brother Carloman died, and the empire was left to Charlemagne!

What opinion of the writer can you find in the text?

1. Pepin was short
2. Pepin became king in 751 BC
3. Pepin was wrong to leave his kingdom to his two sons
4. Charlemagne deserved to be king of the Franks

Continuity and change

Continuity: when something stays the same
Change: when something becomes different

What changed after the Franks started to use stirrups?

What continuity took place in the way the Franks fought their wars?

Upload a photo in which you can define continuity

Upload a photo in which you can define change

The evening clock

Change or Continuity?

Reliability

Reliability: When you can trust information (from a source) to be true

Important questions about the reliability of sources

• Who is the maker of the source?
  
• When was the source created?
• Why was the source created?
  

Is a source by Julius Caesar reliable when we want to learn about the culture of Germanic tribes?

1. Yes, because Caesar fought and met many Germans during his lifetime
2. Yes, because Caesar was a Roman general
3. No, because Germanic tribes could not even write during Caesar's life
4. No, because Caesar might want to make the Romans look better and lie about the Germanic tribes

Is a source by Julius Caesar reliable when we want to learn about Roman military tactics?

1. Yes, because Caesar was a Roman
2. Yes, because Caesar was a Roman general
3. Yes, because Caesar was a Roman general who fought many wars
4. No, because Caesar might be lying about his deeds to make himself look better

Test yourself ... before the test

Workbook:
1.1: 7 - 1.2: 4b
2.1: 3 & 5 - 2.2: 2a & 9 - 2.8: 1, 2, 3 & 4
3.5: 10 & 11
4.1: 4, 5 & 6
5.1: 5 & 6