2.8-2.9 Low Netherlands

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• Leerjaar 2

Low Netherlands

 

section 2.8-2.9

This lesson

- The soil types in Low Netherlands
- Man's influence on the landscape

Note!

1. You can check and improve your infographic (Low Netherlands).

2. For the rest of the class it's a new topic. So make some notes.

Stroomgebied Maas en Rijn    

Thick layers of shingle and sand in the whole of the Netherlands.

THE START

When?

The landscape in Low Netherlands mostly formed in the last 10,000 years.

(High Netherlands between 200,000

and 10,000 years ago)

The climate warmed up

after the last ice age.

What happened to the sea level after the ice age?

1. Drop in sea level (=lower)
2. Rise in sea level (=higher)
3. Remained the same

Sea level rise

Consequence:

The sea came closer to the Netherlands and flooded the lower part of the Netherlands.

Soil types

In Low Netherlands, new soil types were deposited during this rise in sea level:

- Dune sand ==> section 2.5

- Peat

- Sea clay

Characteristics of peat

- ability to retain a lot of moisture
- contains residues of plant material

Disadvantage of peat

Subsidence (=inklinking)

Advantage of peat

Source for fuel

How is peat formed?

1. The dunes along the sea are closed.
2. Behind the dunes a bog (=swamp) arises.
3. Dead plants disappear under water.

4. Without oxygen, the plant remains

won’t rot ==> accumulation of plant remains ==> peat

Human impact

The typical landscape was formed
due to peat mining.
What was the peat used for?

Use the map.

How can you see this map is made in the landscape with peat?

Parcellation

strip parcelling

Why this parcellation?

The peat was dug out along strips and laid out to dry next to it.

Soil types

In Low Netherlands, new soil types were deposited during this rise in sea level:

- Dune sand ==> section 2.5

- Peat

- Sea clay

How is see clay formed?

1. In the dunes there are openings.
2. During high tide the water flowed in through the opening.
3. During low tide the water flowed out again.
4. Behind the dunes the seawater came to a standstill.
5. Clay particles dropped to the bottem.

Human impact

Use the map.

How can you see this map is made in Low Netherlands?

Parcellation

block shaped

Problems?

Floods by rivers and the sea.

Terps

Manmade hills to protect against floods from the sea.

Protection against the water

Pumping water out of the polder

First, mills were used to pump the water out of polder. Later, the mills were replaced by pumping engines.

Where can we find most terps?

1. In Zuid-Holland
2. In Friesland and Groningen
3. In Noord-Brabant
4. In Gelderland

Homework

WB page 55: 4

WB page 57: 2+3

Note: the assignments belong to different sections (2.8 and 2.9)