Poverty in UK + proposal writing and assignment

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• Speciaal Onderwijs
• Leerroute 4

POVERTY IN THE UK

How many children do you think live in poverty in the UK?

1. less than 10%
2. 10-20%
3. 20-30%
4. 30-40%

What do you think that percentage is for children in the Netherlands?

1. 5-10%
2. 10-20%
3. 20-30%
4. 30-40%

What do you think the consequences for children living in poverty are? Name some things they have to deal with.

01:02

This woman can be described best as being..............

1. obnoxious
2. witty
3. exasperated
4. harried

02:16

What is the reason that some many children are deprived?

1. Parents have been laid off .
2. Less money is spent on preventive help.
3. Charities can't cope with the number of people needing help .

03:22

This politician....

1. admits that the decisions made had an adverse effect.
2. avoids taking responsibility for past decisions.

The Dutch government is also going to review the healthcare system for young people and is proposing to cut back on 'light' (preventive)health care for young people. Is that a good idea in your opinion? Explain your answer.

What would you say the 'route out of poverty' is/could be?

02:04

Why does Vicky not work more hours a week?

1. There is not enough room in childcare.
2. She also wants to spend quality time with her daughter.
3. It would mean she'd have to take on another job.
4. She would have to pay more for childcare than she earns.

03:01

Explain what this 'huge challenge for the government' is

05:16

Fill in: These families are struggling to make ends ............

07:01

Keith's dreams were described as being............

1. ludicrous
2. modest
3. on benefits
4. appalling

09:50

A few problems about universal credit were mentioned. Name one.

11:15

Ed says that the new system is better because it .........................people to work.

14:29

What do all three agree on?

Discussion time

If you were a politician, how would you combat poverty?

Proposal writing

Writing a good and convincing proposal is a tricky process and involves 

1) proposal thinking and 

2) proposal format

1) Proposal thinking

The complexity of proposal thinking arises from the need to construct clear logical chains - i.e. you have to 

-  clearly analyse an existing reality

- imagine a way of improving the situation

-  work out the practical application of your improvement

-  and show logically and convincingly why it will improve things.

screencast-o-matic.com

2) Proposal format

- overall subject title

- main headings

- sub-headings, bullet points, numbered sections

- explicit clear organisation : determined by the precise nature of the task, but these main elements should probably be recognisable :

summary of aim / purpose ... present context ... future result ... advantages (+ possible drawbacks?) ... conclusion + recommendation

Proposal sample

To be handed out now 

This sample has been written as a response to a real HL Paper 2 task, from May 2018. You will see that it illustrates two fundamental elements of good proposal writing: the use of a clear and methodical format, and the use of appropriate tenses.

Proposal sample

This is the basic structure of the sample, with annotations to emphasise the key elements of format.

If you apply these fundamental elements, you will score highly under Criterion C.

The value of the format features

Main title - this should immediately explain what the proposal is about - it doesn't have to explain everything, but it should show the general area.

The value of the format features

Main title - this should immediately explain what the proposal is about - it doesn't have to explain everything, but it should show the general area.

Section headings - the point of using headings is to make clear the step-by-step, logical structure of the argument...

The value of the format features

Main title - this should immediately explain what the proposal is about - it doesn't have to explain everything, but it should show the general area.

Section headings - the point of using headings is to make clear the step-by-step, logical structure of the argument...

Numbering - adds to this sense of a clear sequence of ideas, and...

The value of the format features

Main title - this should immediately explain what the proposal is about - it doesn't have to explain everything, but it should show the general area.

Section headings - the point of using headings is to make clear the step-by-step, logical structure of the argument...

Numbering - adds to this sense of a clear sequence of ideas, and...

Numbered sub-sections - ... give even more detail - although such detailed numbering is really only of use in very big complicated documents (consider laws, constitutions, etc)

The value of the format features

Main title - this should immediately explain what the proposal is about - it doesn't have to explain everything, but it should show the general area.

Section headings - the point of using headings is to make clear the step-by-step, logical structure of the argument...

Numbering - adds to this sense of a clear sequence of ideas, and...

Numbered sub-sections - ... give even more detail - although such detailed numbering is really only of use in very big complicated documents (consider laws, constitutions, etc)

Bullet points - an alternative to numbering: less structured and more like a list, but work well if the bullet points are each short, sharp and clearly phrased, since they become more easily remembered

a final additional point about the structure

Note the sub-headings 'Introduction / context' and 'Advantages / conclusion'.

a final additional point about the structure

Note the sub-headings 'Introduction / context' and 'Advantages / conclusion'.

'Introduction / context' - A proposal will usually be proposed to some person or some group, so this heading indicates that first there would be some kind of address to the target audience, followed by the survey of the context or situation

a final additional point about the structure

Note the sub-headings 'Introduction / context' and 'Advantages / conclusion'.

'Introduction / context' - A proposal will usually be proposed to some person or some group, so this heading indicates that first there would be some kind of address to the target audience, followed by the survey of the context or situation.

'Advantages / conclusion' - This sub-heading implies a reverse of the 'Introduction / context' - the 'Advantages' are a finishing-off summary of the proposal itself, followed by a closing address to the target audience, usually along the lines of "...thank you for your attention... hope you like the proposal..."

Appropriate tenses for proposals

Have another look at the sample and look at the linguistic tone and use of tenses.

Appropriate tenses for proposals

Have another look at the sample and look at the linguistic tone and use of tenses.

Tone - the function to be used should be, basically, polite and courteous suggestion - although the proposal should be quite firm and decided at the same time.

Appropriate tenses for proposals

Have another look at the sample and look at the linguistic tone and use of tenses.

Tone - the function to be used should be, basically, polite and courteous suggestion - although the proposal should be quite firm and decided at the same time.

Use of tenses - note the use of modals (should, would, could) ... and how these refer to, and imply, 2nd Conditional structures such as "(If you were to decide...) we would be able to... "

Also observe the use of 'will', specifically in sub-section 5 'Costs and benefits' - why is 'will' mainly used here, and not 'should'? Well, because these are definite consequences which will follow if the proposal is adopted, so these are not really 'conditional' ... 

Proposal writing

Assignment:

It was brought to your attention that your school is not doing anything to help students living in poverty. For example, your school has not applied for the funding for free school food (breakfast/lunch) that the Dutch government is offering. You want your school to apply. Write a text in which you describe the problems poor students at school are facing, explain the effects on their school performance and suggest ways in which your school could tackle the problem.