nomenclature hydrocarbons (chapter 17)

Chapter 17: hydrocarbons
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Chapter 17: hydrocarbons

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Learning goals
  • What are hydrocarbons?
  • You can draw the structural formula of hydrocarbons
  • You know isomers

Slide 2 - Diapositive

Crude oil
  • Consists of more than 100.000 substances
  • Most of them are hydrocarbons

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Hydrocarbons

A substance that consists of only C and H atoms

There are different subgroups, for example the alkanes.

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Alkanes
General formule
  • Alkane CnH2n+2

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Slide 6 - Diapositive

L

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Wat is de molecular formula of octane?

Slide 8 - Question ouverte

Wat is the name of
C4H10
A
Methane
B
Ethane
C
Propane
D
Butane

Slide 9 - Quiz

What is the name of the
structural formula:
A
heptane
B
hexane
C
nonane
D
octane

Slide 10 - Quiz

Alkenes can be branched. Branched groups with only C and H atoms are called alkylgroups. Methyl for 1 x C, Ethyl for 2 x C etc. 

Slide 11 - Diapositive

Isomers
  • molecules with same molecular formula, but different structure
  • Due to structure also different properties
C₄H₁₀                      C₄H₁₀
Butane            methyl-propane

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Why is this the same molecule?
and not a isomer?

Slide 13 - Diapositive

Draw two isomers of C5H12
timer
3:00

Slide 14 - Question ouverte

Slide 15 - Diapositive

Nomenclature
Step by step plan



1. Longest C- Chain (unbranched)
2. Sidechain: Methyl (-CH3) or ethyl (-C2H5) etc.
3. Number: Number longest C chain and tell which place the side chain have (as low as possible)

C₄H₁₀                      C₄H₁₀
Butaan            methyl-propaan

Slide 16 - Diapositive

Slide 17 - Diapositive

But what is the side chain is there more than once? 
Use 
di (2), 
tri (3), 
tetra (4), 
penta (5)  
 hexa (6). 
Also in the numbers

2,2,4-trimethylpentane
C₄H₁₀                      C₄H₁₀
Butaan            methyl-propaan

Slide 18 - Diapositive

What if you have more side chains
For example 1 methyl- and 1-ethyl
Alfabetic!

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
C₄H₁₀                      C₄H₁₀
Butaan            methyl-propaan

Slide 19 - Diapositive

What is the systematic name of:
A
2-methyl-3-ethylhexane
B
3-ethyl-2-methylhexane
C
5-methyl-4-ethylhexane
D
4-ethyl-5-methylhexane

Slide 20 - Quiz

Wat is de systematische naam van
A
2-methyl-3-ethylpentane
B
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
C
4-methyl-3-ethylpentane
D
3-ethyl-4-methylpentane

Slide 21 - Quiz

Now yourselves
Worksheet

Slide 22 - Diapositive

Leerdoelen
  • Wat zijn koolwaterstoffen?
  • Je kan een structuurformule van alkanen tekenen
  • Je kent isomeren

Slide 23 - Diapositive

Teken de structuurformule van 3,4-dimethylnonaan

Slide 24 - Question ouverte