9.1.3 Fighting the War _ TEACH_


9.1.3: World War 1: Fighting the War

9. The Time of World Wars
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9.1.3: World War 1: Fighting the War

9. The Time of World Wars

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people in this lesson
Wilson
president
USA
Nicholas II
emperor (Czar)
Russia
Lenin
revolutionary
Russia

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German soldiers opening chlorine gas cannisters to poison the enemy

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Thousands of soldiers were blinded by the gas

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WWI ZEPPELINS: NOT TOO DEADLY, BUT SCARY AS HELL

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WW1 saw the first aerial "dogfights"
The German Manfred von Richthoven , nicknamed the Red Baron, was the most successful fighter pilot during World War I. It is said he won more than 80 air battles before he was shot down .

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German U-boats terrorized Allied ships 

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The first tanks were seen in 1916

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Flamethrowers were used to flush enemy soldiers out of their trenches

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most feared by soldiers 
bombing and dogfights
break through the enemy trenches
blokkade enemy supplies
bombing, reconnaissance, create panic
drive the enemy out of their trenches

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America (USA) enters the war (April 1917).

Causes:
  1. American ships were sunk by German U-boats
  2. American banks feared loss of loans to the Allies if the centrals would win
  3. Wilson feared loss of democracy in Europe if Germany would win.

Direct cause:
  • the Zimmermann Telegram.



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1917: a decisive year

  • Two significant events changed the course of the war. 
  • German U-Boats kept attacking unarmed passenger and merchant ships.  
  • The Zimmerman Telegram






President Woodrow Wilson asking Congress to declare war on Germany on April 2, 1917

British propaganda poster in response to the sinking of The Lusitania. Dated 1915.

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The Zimmermann telegram: the direct cause for the USA to declare war on the Central Powers.
The encoded letter
The decoded letter
The letter published

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CAUSES
DIRECT CAUSE
Why did the USA join WW1?
Zimmermann Telegram
US loans to the Allies
unrestricted submarine warfare
make the world safe for democracy

Slide 18 - Question de remorquage

Russia is leaving the war

Causes:
  1. staggering number of casualties among poorly armed Russian soldiers.
  2. discontent in Russian cities: hunger, poverty, war.
  3. discontent about the Czar's rule and bad military leadership.

  • All this led to the Russian Revolution in Feb 1917. (= February Revolution)
  • Result: the czar abdicated but the new (temporary civilian) government continued the war.





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Direct cause:

  • Lenin, leader of the communists, seizes power in Russia during the October Revolution.

  • He signs an armistice (dec 1917) and negotiates a Peace Treaty with Germany. (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)





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At the Peace Conference in Brest-Litovsk (arrival of the Russian delegation)

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Consequences / effects:

  1. Russia lost a lot of territory (and resources) to Germany.
  2. Russia's former allies (Britain and France) saw Lenin as a traitor of the alliance.
  3. Germany could send its soldiers in Russia to the western front (no more two-front war!

  • It is spring 1918. Germany hopes to win the war before the Americans arrive.





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When Lenin became the leader of Russia,
A
Russia switched sides and joined the Central Powers
B
Russia kept fighting but lost the war after the battle of Brest-Litovsk
C
Russia surrendered to Germany
D
Germany surrendered to Russia to end the two-front war

Slide 24 - Quiz

The road to Armistice, 11/11/1918, 11 a.m.

1918
  1. April. The German offensive fails. Germany is exhausted.
  2. Aug.: 1 million American troops join the Allies in France.
  3. Oct.: unrest and local communist revolutions in Germany. Even the navy soldiers refuse to fight any longer.
  4. Nov 9: without army support Wilhelm II abdicates (and flees to the Netherlands). Germany becomes a Republic. With the kaiser gone, the Allies now agree to an armistice.
  5. Nov 11: armistice is signed in Compiègne. All armies stop fighting.





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congratulations
congratulations

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