Havo 4 week 48 - lesson 2.3 - adverbs adjectives

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, havo
• Leerjaar 4

Today's class

• Lesson 2.3 - adjectives/adverbs - explanation/form - slide 8 + 10 + 11

• Speaking lesson 2.3 - ex. 7 (p. 72)  and ex. 14 -> prepare by writing down the expressions (p. 99) 

• Text 2.3 (p. 69/70) +  ex. 1-6, + ex. 7. 

• HW next class: Lesson 2.3 - ex. 8 + 9 + 10 AND do Test Jezelf lesson 2.2

Adverb

Form: adjective + -LY (+ exceptions -> study SB p. 65)

Says something about:

1. The entire sentence (Finally, they met.)
2. An adjective (The really great event)
3. Another adverb (He drove extremely fast)
4. A verb (The dog listens well)

Adverb

Spelling of adverbs

adjective + LY

adjectives ending in 

• LE -> LY (terrible -> terribly)
• IC -> ICALLY (basic -> basically)
• FUL -> FULLY (careful -> carefully; beautiful -> beautifully)
• Y -> ILY (easy -> easily; happy -> happily)

Adjective

Says something about a noun:

The green door; the hard work; the fast car

Adjectives vs Adverbs - SB p. 65-66

• The red car -> the adjective modifies the noun (bnw. zegt iets over het zelfst. nmw.)

• The completely red car -> the adverb modifies the adjective (bw. zegt iets over het bnw.)

• Fortunately, she drives the completely red car really well. (bw zegt iets over de hele zin; zegt iets over hoe je iets doet/over het werkwoord)

Comparisons - SB p. 68-69

• Adjective 1-syllable word - er/est (bigger than; the tallest)

• Adjective (> or =) 3-syllable words - more/most (more beautiful than; the most beautiful)

• Adjective 2-syllable words - er/est or more/most (SB p. 68)

• Adverbs (ending in -LY) - more/most (She danced more beautifully than he did.)

• Irregular adverbs (good/better/best; bad/worse/worst; few/fewer/fewest; little/less/least etc.)

Comparative + Superlative forms of  adjectives

• Adjective 1-syllable word - er/est (bigger than; the tallest)

• Adjective (> or =) 3-syllable words - more/most (more beautiful than; the most beautiful)

• Adjective 2-syllable words - er/est or more/most (SB p. 68)

• Adjectives with 2 syllables ending with:  -er/ -ow/ -le AND the adjectives common, cruel, handsome, pleasant, quiet, stupid, sure -> TWO comparative forms: with er/est and with more/most

Forms of comparisons:

• better THAN; more powerful THAN
• AS good AS; not as good as
• THE best; THE MOST wonderful gift

Using comparative + superlative forms of adjectives

• He is BETTER at mathematics THAN she is. -> THAN + comparative form

• He is AS GOOD at mathematics AS his brother is -> AS ...AS + adjective form

• He is NOT AS GOOD at mathematics AS his friend is -> NOT AS ... AS + adjective form
  

• She is THE BEST -> THE + superlative form

• THE HARDER she works, THE BETTER her grades become -> THE + comparative form, THE + comparative form

• The child started crying HARDER AND HARDER -> comparative form + AND + comparative form

Comparative & Superlative forms of adverbs 

• Adverbs (ending in -LY) 

     -> comparative(vergelijkende trap) =  more; 

     -> superlative (overtreffende trap) = most  
        

        for example:
         She dances more beautifully than he does, but her sister dances the most beautifully. 

          She talks more loudly than they do, however he talks the most loudly

         

• Irregular adverbs (good/better/best; bad/worse/worst; few/fewer/fewest; little/less/least; fast/faster/fastest;  etc.)

NOTE

little/less/least (non-countable - milk/gold/love/hate - material/abstract)

few/fewer/fewest (countable - chair/spoon/people - plurals)

much/more/most (non-countable) -> non-countable = abstract nouns (love/hate/attention etc.) + materials (wood, water, milk)

many/more/most (countable) -> countable = nouns that can be put into a plural form

late/later/last (de laatste qua binnenkomst)

late/later/latest (de nieuwste)

the late Mr. Steve Jobs = wijlen

old/older/oldest

old/elder/eldest (familierelaties)

far/farther-further/farthest-furthest

far/further -> aanvullende (further details; further inquiry)

Adjectives with number

• The fifty-pound note
• I have a note of fifty pounds.

• The 80-year-old grandmother.
• The grandmother who is 80 years old

• The 13-year-old girl
• The girl who is thirteen years old