Y2_T4_REVIEW§4.1-§4.5

• Science
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

§4.1 - Learning Goals:

• I can explain what a force is and can identify different types of forces.
• I can calculate the gravitational force acting on an object.
• I can draw arrows on a force diagram with the correct point of application, magnitude and direction.
• I can calculate the resultant force of forces going in the same direction or opposite directions of each other.  
• VWO ONLY - I can calculate the resultant force of two perpendicular forces 

P.154-157

§4.1 - Keywords:

• Gravity 
• Applied force 
• Air resistance 
• Friction 
• Tension force 
• Spring force 
• Normal force
• Resultant force 
• Point of application
• Direction
• Magnitude

P.154-157

F​g​​

F​a​​

F​air​​

F​f​​

F​t​​

F​s​​

F​n​​

F​res​​

§4.2 - Learning Goals:

• I can describe the concept of speed and understand which measurements and units are necessary to calculate it.
• I can calculate the speed (or distance or time) of an object using the speed formula.
• I can convert speed between the units of m/s and km/h.   
• I can create and interpret s,t-diagrams relating to an object’s motion. 

P.162-165

§4.2 - Keywords:

• Speed
• s,t-diagram

P.162-165

§4.3 - Learning Goals:

• I can describe the concept of acceleration and understand which measurements and units are necessary to calculate it.
• I can calculate the acceleration of an object using the acceleration formula.
• I can create and interpret v,t-diagrams relating to an object’s change in motion.
• I can use an object’s resultant force to determine what type of motion it has.

P.172-175

§4.3 - Keywords:

• Acceleration
• Deceleration
• v,t-diagram

P.172-175

§4.4 - Learning Goals:

• I can describe the concept of temperature, the different scales it can be measured on and the units that belong to those.
•  I can convert temperatures between the Celsius and Kelvin scale.
• I can describe the concept of heat and the units it can be measured in.
• I can distinguish between the concepts of temperature and heat.
• I can describe the concept of heat of combustion and use it to calculate the amount of energy released during combustion.

P.182-183

§4.4 - Keywords:

• Heat
• Temperature
• Celcius
• Kelvin
• Heat of combustion

P.182-183

§4.5 - Learning Goals:

• I can describe the three phases a substance can be in and list characteristics for each phase.
• I can name the transitions between the different phases.
• I can identify phases and phase changes in a graph.
• I can describe how the addition or removal of heat changes the movement of molecules and how this can cause phase changes.
• I can describe diffusion and how it is affected by temperature changes.
• I can describe the collision theory and how it affects reaction rate.
• I can describe how the change in temperature affects the functionality of enzymes.

P.188-189

§4.5 - Keywords:

• Diffusion
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Collision Theory
• Rate of a reaction
• Denaturation
• Optimum temperature

P.188-189

Practice Test

Have ready:

• notebook (blanc page)
• Calculator
• Ruler/triangle
• Pen

Liquid nitrogen: (8 points)

Liquid nitrogen is often used in molecular cooking to make ice cream. Cooks will add liquid nitrogen (which is usually around -195C) to the ice cream mixture and as they mix it in the ice cream freezes, any liquid nitrogen left in the mixture evaporates into nitrogen gas which is naturally in the air around us. Liquid nitrogen has a freezing point of -210C and a boiling point of -170C.

What safety gear would you advise the cooks to use?
Make sure you explain why. (3p)

Draw a transition diagram in your notebook. Make sure to label the phases as well as the transitions over the different parts of your graph. (3p)

What phase is nitrogen at 80 K? Use a calculation to support your answer. (2p)

Biological soaps: (6 points)

Biological soaps use natural enzymes to clean the dirt from your hands or dirty clothes. The optimum temperature these enzymes is often around 40 degrees. 

What would happen if someone washes their clothes at 50C. (2p)

What would happen if someone washes their hands with cold water, which is about 10C (2p)

Most thermostat taps have a maximum setting so kids cannot burn themselves, this lock is often around 35C. Is this a good temperature for using biological soaps? (2p)

Climbers: (8 points)

This forces diagram shows a climber abseiling down a cliff. This diagram shows proper gear and ropes are of life and death importance. 

Copy the diagram into your notebook:

The climber is a block of 1 cm wie and 2 cm high. 1 cm = 50N

Fg= 800N, Ft=1000N, Ffr=100N, Fn=50N

Upload a picture of your diagram here (2p)

If a climber pushes off from the wall there are only 2 forces left at work, what are these 2 forces? (2p)

If a climber pushes off from the wall there are only 2 forces left at work, calculate the resulting force (2p)

VWO: If a climber is touching the wall all 4 forces are at work, calculate the resulting force. Round up to full numbers. (2p)

a​2​​+b​2​​=c​2​​

VWO: Upload a picture of your new diagram including the resultant force. (2p)

Study for the Test:

• study all the glossaries
• study the notes
• review all the hw exercises 

Make sure you bring:

• ruler/triangle
• calculator
• pen
• highlight marker