OP Unit 12: Passive structures

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

OP Unit 10

Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either remdesivir or placebo. Randomization was stratified by study site and disease severity at enrollment. Patients were considered to have severe disease if they required mechanical ventilation, if they required supplemental oxygen, if the oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (Spo2) was 94% or lower while they were breathing ambient air, or if they had tachypnea (respiratory rate ≥24 breaths per minute). Remdesivir was administered intravenously as a 200-mg loading dose on day 1, followed by a 100-mg maintenance dose administered daily on days 2 through 10 or until hospital discharge or death. A matching placebo was administered according to the same schedule and in the same volume as the active drug. A normal saline placebo was used at the European sites and at some non-European sites owing to a shortage of matching placebo; for these sites, the remdesivir and placebo infusions were masked with an opaque bag and tubing covers to maintain blinding.

A new study published in the journal Psychological Science found that people who feel enthusiastic and cheerful -- what psychologists call "positive affect" -- are less likely to experience memory decline as they age. This result adds to a growing body of research on positive affect's role in healthy aging. 

A team of researchers analyzed data from 991 middle-aged and older U.S. adults who participated in a national study conducted at three time periods: between 1995 and 1996, 2004 and 2006, and 2013 and 2014. 

In each assessment, participants reported on a range of positive emotions they had experienced during the past 30 days.  In the final two assessments, participants also completed tests of memory performance. These tests consisted of recalling words immediately after their presentation and again 15 minutes later. 

The researchers examined the association between positive affect and memory decline, accounting for age, gender, education, depression, negative affect, and extraversion.

Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either remdesivir or placebo. Randomization was stratified by study site and disease severity at enrollment. Patients were considered to have severe disease if they required mechanical ventilation, if they required supplemental oxygen, if the oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (Spo2) was 94% or lower while they were breathing ambient air, or if they had tachypnea (respiratory rate ≥24 breaths per minute). Remdesivir was administered intravenously as a 200-mg loading dose on day 1, followed by a 100-mg maintenance dose administered daily on days 2 through 10 or until hospital discharge or death. A matching placebo was administered according to the same schedule and in the same volume as the active drug. A normal saline placebo was used at the European sites and at some non-European sites owing to a shortage of matching placebo; for these sites, the remdesivir and placebo infusions were masked with an opaque bag and tubing covers to maintain blinding.

A new study published in the journal Psychological Science found that people who feel enthusiastic and cheerful -- what psychologists call "positive affect" -- are less likely to experience memory decline as they age. This result adds to a growing body of research on positive affect's role in healthy aging.

A team of researchers analyzed data from 991 middle-aged and older U.S. adults who participated in a national study conducted at three time periods: between 1995 and 1996, 2004 and 2006, and 2013 and 2014. 

In each assessment, participants reported on a range of positive emotions they had experienced during the past 30 days.  In the final two assessments, participants also completed tests of memory performance. These tests consisted of recalling words immediately after their presentation and again 15 minutes later. 

The researchers examined the association between positive affect and memory decline, accounting for age, gender, education, depression, negative affect, and extraversion.

Agent

 Latin verb agere, to "do" or "make".

Someone or something that does something 

Patient

Someone or something that is affected

It is the direct object in a sentence in the active voice

It is the subject in a sentence in the passive voice

Tom kicks Jim

Jim is kicked (by Tom)

Are the following sentences in the active or passive voice?

 

1.  The patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia.

    Active 

    Passive.

2. Eileen was convinced that her appointment had been cancelled. 

    Active. 

    Passive.

3. The children had been invited to a tea party. 

    Active. 

    Passive.

So how can you tell if a sentence is in the passive voice?

 It’s easy: a passive sentence will always have some form of the verb be, followed by a past participle. All of these examples are passives:

The burglar was arrested.

The children were invited to the party.

This flight is expected to arrive on time.

The candidate is being prepared for the debate.

I am appalled by your behaviour.

Practice: Make the text passive

A team of researchers analyzed data from 991 middle-aged and older U.S. adults who participated in a national study conducted at three time periods: between 1995 and 1996, 2004 and 2006, and 2013 and 2014.

In the final two assessments, participants also completed tests of memory performance. 

The researchers examined the association between positive affect and memory decline, accounting for age, gender, education, depression, negative affect, and extraversion.

Practice: Make the text passive

Data from 991 middle-aged and older U.S. adults who participated in a national study conducted at three time periods: between 1995 and 1996, 2004 and 2006, and 2013 and 2014 were analyzed by a team of researchers.

In the final two assessments,  tests of memory performance were also completed by participants. 

The association between positive affect and memory decline, accounting for age, gender, education, depression, negative affect, and extraversion was examined by the researchers.

Practice: Make the text active

Remdesivir was administered intravenously as a 200-mg loading dose on day 1, followed by a 100-mg maintenance dose administered daily on days 2 through 10 or until hospital discharge or death. A matching placebo was administered according to the same schedule and in the same volume as the active drug. A normal saline placebo was used at the European sites and at some non-European sites owing to a shortage of matching placebo; for these sites, the remdesivir and placebo infusions were masked with an opaque bag and tubing covers to maintain blinding.

Practice: Make the text active

Researchers administered Remdesivir to Patients /// Patients received Remdesivir  intravenously as a 200-mg loading dose on day 1, followed by a 100-mg maintenance dose administered daily on days 2 through 10 or until hospital discharge or death. Other patients received a matching placebo according to the same schedule and in the same volume as the active drug. Researchers used a normal saline placebo at the European sites and at some non-European sites owing to a shortage of matching placebo; for these sites, an opaque bag and tubing covers to maintain blinding masked the remdesivir and placebo infusions.

Confused?

Got it?

Week assignment

Have a look at the week assignment and complete your tasks

more practice/explanation?

https://www.englishcurrent.com/exercises/passive-voice-exercises/  (do the advanced exercises)

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-5.html