H5 - adjectives and adverbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Adjectives and adverbs

What is the difference between an adjective (bijv. nw) and an adverb (bijw.)?

Ellen is beautiful
Ellen sings beautifully

Daan is a good piano player
Daan plays the piano well

Adjectives

An adjective describes someone or something
It says something about a noun (zelfstandig naamwoord)

The cat is very fat
The bicycle is red
Mike is a good student

Says something about what a person/thing is

Adjectives

You can ask the question: ‘wat voor…?’

Het uitzicht was prachtig                                (wat voor uitzicht was het?)    

The view was wonderful

Het zijn goede muzikanten                            (wat voor muzikanten zijn het?) 

They are good musicians

Adjectives

Adjectives with number use hyphens (streepjes dus...)

An eight-year-old boy
A 30-minute walk
A seven-week holiday

Adverbs

Adverbs say something about words other than nouns 
An adverb describes how/in what way something happens
It often says something about a verb

My brother smiles happily
The dog barks loudly
Jane works quickly

Adverbs

You can ask the question: ‘Hoe …?’

We speelden niet slecht                   (hoe speelden jullie?) 

We didn’t play badly

Karin had alles perfect geregeld  (hoe had Karin alles geregeld?) Karin had organised everything perfectly

Adverbs

Adverbs can say something about other adverbs

Frank sings absolutely beautifully
My brother drives very carefully
That clip was filmed extremely well

Adverbs

Adverbs can say something about a phrase or sentence

Surely, that was a mistake
Fortunately, I had been able to reach him

How to form an adverb

Put -ly after the adjective

• Sure – surely, beautiful – beautifully
  

Sometimes the spelling changes:

y -> ily            easy – easily
le -> ly            probable– probably

Watch out: The adverb of 'good' is 'well'

Adjectives & Adverbs

Adjectives:
My brother is a careful driver
It’s a perfect video clip
David is a quick writer

Adverbs:
My brother drives carefully
The video clip was filmed perfectly
David writes quickly

Adjectives & Adverbs

Check:

Does it say something about a noun? Then it's an adjective.

Does it say something about any other type of word? Then it's an adverb.

Let's practice

For the next couple of questions, select whether the *word* between the asterisk is an adjective or adverb

She is a *wonderful* person

1. adjective
2. adverb

I have a *fantastic* brother

1. adjective
2. adverb

Steven learns very *quickly*

1. adjective
2. adverb

Those were some *easy* questions

1. adjective
2. adverb

Mark sings *well*

1. adjective
2. adverb

My new bicycle is *extremely* beautiful

1. adjective
2. adverb

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Watch out: friendly, silly, lovely, unlikely are adjectives, not adverbs!

If you want to use them as adverbs, you need to use 'way' or 'manner'

• He spoke in a very friendly way

• They acted in a silly manner

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Difficult and impossible don't have adverbs, so you need to rephrase

That boy speaks with great difficulty
I can’t possibly visit you next week

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Words can be both adverbs and adjectives
This counts for words ending in –ly: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early

• It’s a daily paper                  It comes out daily

• We took an early bus        We got up early

It also counts for: high, low, far, fast, wrong, strange

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

Adjectives and their adverbs can have different meanings

Short – shortly
Hard – hardly
High – highly
Late – lately

Confusing adjectives & adverbs

After verbs that deal with the senses (smell, taste, look etc), you use an adjective

Your chocolates tasted very good
She looked bad

Let's practice!

Fill in the correct form of the word in brackets

You didn't do your work ____ (correct).

The teacher spoke to us ____ (friendly).

Sorry! I acted ____ (stupid).

That cake is decorated ____ (extreme) beautifully.

Tim is a very ____ (hard) worker.

Exercises

Now show what you know!

§1.3 ex. 11