Unit 5 Punctuation + Verb patterns

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4,5

Hey all!

Unit 5

Plan

1. Punctuation rules

2. Verb patterns

Work

What would your ideal career be like? Why do you think this would be good for you?

Complete the statement: For me, work is ___________________ .

Punctuation

Match the punctuation marks to their names. Write the number behind the name.

full stop ___

semicolon ___

comma ___

exclamation mark

colon ___

question mark ___

brackets ___

apostrophe ___

dash ___

hyphen ___

quotation marks

Why is punctuation important?

Let's eat, grandma!

vs

Let's eat grandma!

Rules

There is normally no comma before the penultimate items (second from the last) in a list:

watch television, listen to the radio and browse social networking sites.

Extra vocabulary "antepenultimate" = third from last

Rules

Linking words like 'moreover' or 'however' require 

- a comma after them when they stand at the beginning of a sentence, 

- commas around them when they stand in the middle of a sentence.

Similar linking expressions that require a comma include: 

what's more,  nevertheless, nonetheless, having said that, furthermore, consequently, and so on.

Verb patterns

Gerunds (= ing form)

I suggest taking the train.

Infinitive with 'to'

My family encouraged me to go to university.

Infintive without 'to'

I shouldn't eat this, but I can't resist / Can you help me tidy up, please?

Gerunds

The gerund (= ing form) is used:

- as the subject

Playing golf helps me relax.

- after prepositions

We thought about going to France this year.

- after certain verbs or expressions (you need to study these - p. 218)

I enjoy watching Netflix. (after the verb 'enjoy' you use the gerund)

Infinitive with 'to'

- to express purpose

I went out to get some fresh air.

- After some adjectives

It's not easy to find work these days. / It is difficult to get up early.

- After certain verbs ( you need to study these - p. 218)

If you need my help, don't hesitate to contact me. / We decided to leave.

- After certain nouns (you need to study these - p. 218)

It was the director's refusal to accept his proposals that led to his decision to resign.

Infinitive without 'to'

- after modal verbs

I shouldn't eat this really, but I can't resist it.

- after the following verbs (had better, help, let, make, would rather/sooner)

We'd better go home now — it's very late. 

- In the passive, 'make' is followed by the infinitive with 'to'

We were made to do all the dirty jobs.

1. She avoided ________ (tell) him about her plans.

1. tell
2. telling
3. to tell

2. She helped me _____ (carry) my suitcases

1. carry
2. carrying
3. to carry

3. He decided ________ (study) Biology.

1. study
2. studying
3. to study

4. She suggested _______ (go) to the museum.

1. go
2. going
3. to go

5. She agreed ________ (bring) the pudding to the dinner.

1. bring
2. bringing
3. to bring