5.4 the Reformation -TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

5. The Time of Discoverers and Reformers

5.4.  the Reformation

people in this lesson

Martin Luther

Frederik of Saxony

emperor Charles V

John Calvin

Desiderius Erasmus

Lesson 5.4: The Reformation

Renaissance:

• new knowledge (from Antiquity)
• critical thinking
• printing press (spread ideas & knowledge)

• Discoveries

• Reformation

Reformation:

• A protest movement against faults in the Catholic Church in the 16th century.
• The leaders were called Reformers.
• They criticised the Catholic Church and wanted to change or reform the church.
• Their followers are called Protestants.
• The most famous reformers were:
• Martin Luther (Germany)
• John Calvin (France)

LUTHER

CALVIN

• Why did the Church need to be reformed? What was wrong with it?

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 5
• worshipping of relics

• Of course you have to pay money to the church to see a relic.
• 
  

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 5
• worshipping of relics
• What?
• Relics are remains of holy people (saints).

• Why?
• To pray at a relic means that you spend less time in purgatory.

• Of course you have to pay money to the church to see a relic.
• 
  

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 4
• Bible is only in Latin

• Why?
• people rely on the Church to explain the word of God.

• Ordinary people could not read the Bible for themselves.

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 3
• the Church is too rich

• Why is that a problem?
• Jesus himself was poor.
• Clerics are more concerned with wealth than serving God.

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

• NR 2
• images of saints

• Why a problem?
• these statues only divert people from the true faith.

TOP 5 bad things in the Church:

Number

• the selling of indulgences

• what: written documents (signed by the pope) stating that the owner's sins are forgiven.
• So, the church started selling forgiveness.

video Luther

Secular + spiritual power:

• Secular;
• The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by Emperor Charles V

• The Empire consisted of central Europe (including the Netherlands),parts of Italy, Spain and the Spanish colonies in America.

• Spiritual:
  
• pope Leo X was the leader of catholic Church

Charles V

Why the name "HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE"?

• HOLY: because it was Catholic. 
• ROMAN: because Charles was as powerful as a Roman emperor
• EMPIRE: well, because it was an empire

1517: Luther writes his "95 theses"

Put the events in the correct chronological order.

The oldest event goes to the top.

Luther is asked to recant his words in front of the emperor in Worms

Tetzel is selling indulgences in Germany

Luther translates the Bible in German

Luther visits Rome

Luther becomes a professor of theology

The pope sends Luther an angry letter. Luther burns the letter.

Luther nails his 95 theses on the church door

The spread of Protestantism:

• Charles V could not prevent protestantism to spread across his empire:

• Luther had many followers (Lutherans)  in Northern Germany
  
• Calvin had many followers (Calvinists)  in the Netherlands 
  

The INQUISITION

• Charles V saw protestants as heretics (ketters) who needed to be stopped.

• To do this Charles V gave more power to the inquisition:
• = a special department of the Catholic Church that dealt with herecy.
  

The INQUISITION

• HOW?

• To punish a heretic the inquisitors did not need PROOF, but a CONFESSION. And they used TORTURE to get this confession.

• After the prisoner had confessed he could be publically punished, which often meant being burned alive.

Effects of Luther's actions:

• Catholic Church

• Protestant Church

1517

95

theses

• Only 1 Christian Church:  the Catholic Church

what is your test preference?

week 41: as planned

move to week 40

move to week 44 (after holidays)

keep week 41 but without lesson 7.4