Nederland 19e eeuw

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Tijdvak 8. De tijd van Burgers en Stoommachines

Nederland in de 19e eeuw.

1815: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

• 1815: Napoleon wordt verslagen bij Waterloo
• Vredesconferentie in Wenen
• De winnaar (VK) besluit dat Nederland weer een monarchie moet worden: Koning Willem I
• Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, inclusief Nederland, België en Luxemburg

Belgische Revolutie

1830

• De Belgen verklaren zich onafhankelijk van Nederland
• Dit is de geboorte van België

1840-1848: 

Koning Willem II

• Conservatief: wil geen verandering

Regeert als een absolute monarch

Houdt niet van democratie

Revolution Year 

1848

• De "erfgenamen van de Franse Revolutie", de liberalen, komen tot de conclusie: "Alles is weer hetzelfde als voor de Franse Revolutie!"
• Overal zitten weer koningen op de Europese tronen en ondanks 'een grondwet' is er weinig democratie.

Koningen in heel Europa beginnen in paniek te raken....

Frankrijk wordt weer een republiek

In Den Haag vreest de koning voor zijn leven

Dus in 1848 verandert koning Willem II van een conservatief in een liberaal.

5. In 1848 a new revolution broke out in several European capitals.
Rioters demanded constitutional reform.

What does that mean?

1. Their country did not have a constitution but the rioters wanted one.
2. Their country had a constitution but it did not limit the king's power and give the people basic rights.
3. The people wanted to reform the constitution to give the monarch more power.
4. Their country had a constitution but it was based on Enlightenment ideas.

8. Put the events in the correct chronological order

King William I was succeeded by his son King William II.

William II stopped being a conservative.

France became a republic for the second time

Revolutions broke out all over Europe.

Belgium became independent.

conservatief

progressief

Sleep de woorden naar links naar de juiste plaats in de tabel.

Welke horen bij conservatief en welke bij progressief?

revolutie

geen verandering

nieuwe manier van denken

grondwet hervormingen

alles bij het oude laten

Gevolgen

• De leider van de Nederlandse liberalen: Johan Rudolf Thorbecke maakt een nieuwe grondwet:

Koning is onschendbaar

Ministers zijn verantwoordelijk voor het optreden van de regering (ook: voor het optreden van de koning)

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before

after

11. Read the statements (left) and choose whether the statement describes the situation before or after the constitutional reform of Thorbecke.

The king made all the laws, parliament could give advice.

Tweede Kamer is directly chosen by the electorate.

The king had no real power anymore.

All the financial affairs were decided by the king.

Ministers became responsible for carrying out the laws.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

liberals & socialists: main differences:

       LIBERALS:

• NO government influence in the economy.
• success is your own responsibility (take care of yourself)

       SOCIALISTS:

• Government must influence the economy (social laws) 
• the weak should not be left to take care for themselves.

12. Which statement is true?

Statement I: Socialists believe that the weak in society should take care of themselves.
Statement II: Liberals believe that competition is bad for the economy.

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

13. Which idea is NOT favoured by liberals?

1. Trias Politica
2. journalists can write what they want
3. the government must strictly control the economy.
4. religion plays no role in the government.

15a. Liberals want freedom foremost, but also equality.
How would a liberal look at these statements?

Statement I: everybody is equal under the law
Statement II: wealth should be divided equally

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

15b. How would a socialist look at these same statements?

Statement I: everybody is equal under the law
Statement II: wealth should be divided equally

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

liberalism

socialism

16. Drag the words left to the correct place.

No economic restrictions from government

Redistribute wealth

Poor people

Protection by the government

Rich people

freedom of opinion

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

confessionalisme

• Het land moet worden geregeerd vanuit een religieus oogpunt
• confessionelen waren christenen, maar ze waren verdeeld tussen:
•         protestanten
•         katholieken

het tegenovergestelde van confessioneel is seculier (= wereldlijk)

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

verzuiling 

• De Nederlandse samenleving was vroeger "verzuild".
  
• Elke groep bestond in zijn eigen "bubble" (zuil) en mengde zich niet met andere groepen.
  
• De vier belangrijkste 'zuilen' waren:
•     protestanten
•     katholieken
•     liberalen
•     socialisten

= confessioneel

= seculier 

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

feminisme 

mannen en vrouwen zijn gelijk, en dus zouden ze dezelfde rechten moeten hebben, zoals het recht om te stemmen.

Trias Politica, three powers:

legislative

executive

judicial

who?

who?

who?

what they do:

what they do:

what they do:

carry out the laws

parliament

judges

punish those who break the law

make the laws

government

 The three political philosophies you learned about in this lesson still exist today. In which political party do we see which philosophy?

liberalism

confessionalism

socialism

Complete this overview

Funding for their own schools

Factory owners

small

big

equality

Right to vote for all men

small

Christians

liberty

factory workers

woman

Right for women to vote

The birth of CINEMA

Your task:

Make a short film (20 - 40 sec.) in which you show a visual effect like it was made by the early filmmakers. (do research if necessary)

Work in groups of 3

Hand in the result on Friday.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

The invention of CINEMA changed the world

• In 1895 the Lumière brothers presented the first moving pictures to a paying audience in Paris. This was the beginning of CINEMA.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

• Films were short and silent. Live (piano) music enhanced the emotional experience.
• Subjects: local scenes, foreign lands and short comedies.

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

George Méliès (1861 - 1938)

• This French moviemaker was the first to use special effects.

• He is the "father" of the science fiction films.

• His most famous film is "Trip to the moon", from 1902.

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