8.3 Food on Earth

Introduction
  • In the past, most of the food we ate was produced in our own country
  • Today it comes from all over the world
  • In this section you are going to study the effects of globalization on food production.
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Geography

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Introduction
  • In the past, most of the food we ate was produced in our own country
  • Today it comes from all over the world
  • In this section you are going to study the effects of globalization on food production.

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Natural resources are
A
materials we use like fuels
B
trees and plants
C
Information sources
D
sunlight and crbon dioxide

Slide 2 - Quiz

Slide 3 - Lien

Sustainability
=
A
Duurzaamheid
B
leuk samenwerken
C
Verantwoord
D
Milieuproblematiek

Slide 4 - Quiz

ecological footprint is
A
the effect you have on the planet
B
the population rate
C
another word for climate change
D
the use of green energy

Slide 5 - Quiz

Which is a example of a non-renewable energy source?
A
solar energy
B
wind energy
C
burning biomass
D
burning petrol/diesel

Slide 6 - Quiz

the production of food has changed

Slide 7 - Diapositive

In the past in our own region
Farmers in nineteenth century
  • sandy soils 
  • mixed farms  (crops and livestock)
  • food chain  ( around the farm) 
  • self-sufficient
  • Not much external ‘input’.

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Today: globalization
Food production has changed
  • Farms: high yields at minimum cost. 
  • Specialization (crop farming or livestock farming). 
  • larger farms: economies of scale.
  • Livestock farms buy a lot of feed abroad.
  • globalization of agriculture in all food products
  • A lot of our food is imported and exported
  • The market is the whole world.


Slide 9 - Diapositive

Geman family
Turkish Family

Slide 10 - Diapositive

agriculture in the past
agriculture today
mixed farms 
Specialization
economies of scale
food is imported and exported
self-sufficient
Not much external ‘input’.

Slide 11 - Question de remorquage

Scale level
When you compare the present and past scale level in agriculture:
  • in the past: local scale (food chain was in the area around the mixed farm)
  • present: global scale (food chain for many products extends over the whole world)


Slide 12 - Diapositive

When you compare the present and past scale level in agriculture: (two answers)
A
in the past: local scale (food chain was in the area around the mixed farm)
B
present: global scale (food chain for many products extends over the whole world)
C
in the past: global scale (food chain for many products extends over the whole world)
D
present: local scale (food chain was in the area around the mixed farm)

Slide 13 - Quiz

Agriculture
G181 Agriculture
  • What is agriculture? Which three types of agriculture are there?
G182 Specialization
  • What is the difference in scale level and food chains in agriculture between the past and the present?
  • What are the two reasons for specialisation?
G183 Economies of scale
  • What is meant by economies of scale?
G184 Intensive agriculture
  • What kind of intensive agriculture do we know?

Slide 14 - Diapositive

G181 Agriculture

Agriculture is keeping livestock and growing crops for human use.
Three types of agriculture
  • crop farming is the cultivation of edible and non-edible crops on fields. (special kind is  horticulture (for special crops) 
  • livestock farming is keeping animals for certain products (meat, milk, eggs, wool, pelts).
  • forestry  is the cultivation of trees (timber, cork, resin and latex)

Slide 15 - Diapositive

G182 Specialization
  • In the past mixed farms (crops and livestock farming)
  • Today (in wealty countries) specialization: crops or livestock farming
  • Focus on one product -  monoculture:
Two reasons for specialization:
  • Mechanization : rising wages, labour is replaced for machinery  - fewer jobs.
  • Intensification: production per hectare and animalproduction is increasing because of knowledge and money. 

Slide 16 - Diapositive

G183 Economies of scale
Processes in which costs (per unit) are lowered by increasing the scale of production 

Slide 17 - Diapositive

G184 Intensive agriculture
two kinds of intensive agriculture:
  • The term intensive crop farming means that a lot of capital and knowledge is used to realize a high yield per hectare
  • The term intensive livestock farming means that a lot of capital and knowledge is used to realize a high yield per animal. (factory farming,  animals are part of an industrial proces (animal is a kind of 'machine').

Slide 18 - Diapositive

What are the three types of agriculture?

Slide 19 - Question ouverte

What are the two reasons for specialization:
A
mechanization
B
monoculture
C
intensification
D
urbanization

Slide 20 - Quiz

Economies of scale?
A
Process in which costs (per unit) are increasing by decreasing the scale of production
B
Costs that remain the same but the scale of production is increasing
C
Processes in which costs (per unit) are lowered by increasing the scale of production
D
Costs that vary with because the increasing of labor and capital.

Slide 21 - Quiz

What are the two kinds of intensive agriculture:

Slide 22 - Question ouverte

Scale levels

Slide 23 - Diapositive

Scale levels
When you compare the present and past scale level in agriculture
  • in the past: local scale, because the food chain was in the area around the farm (in the case of mixed farms).
  • present: global scale, because the food chain (for many agricultural products) extends over the whole world.



Slide 24 - Diapositive

Homework
Do assignment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of section 8.3

Slide 25 - Diapositive

G131 Ecological footprint

6 billion people use many natural resources: products from nature that people use in their daily life. (water, food and fuel, and  raw materials).

Our ecological footprint: a number that shows how many global hectares of surface area someone (or a country) uses on average. 

We can only reduce our ecological footprint by adopting sustainable practices.
Sustainability means limiting the use of natural resources so that they can be replaced.  Important for next generations.

Slide 26 - Diapositive

Food crisis?
► There is enough food for everyone, but there is still the threat of a food crisis. Causes:
● The world population is growing rapidly.
● The distribution of food is uneven. Rich countries: big ecological footprint.
● Due to increasing prosperity: eating habits in emerging countries are changing (more meat and dairy products).
● Rich countries are switching to sustainable energy sources. Many biofuels are produced from edible crops.

Slide 27 - Diapositive

Solutions
► Measures for preventing a food crisis:
● Higher yields in agriculture. A sort of Green Revolution is needed: better techniques, seed, artificial fertilisers, etc.
● People can change their consumption patterns: sustainable food supply (less meat, more home-grown products).

Slide 28 - Diapositive

ecological footprint is
A
the effect you have on the planet
B
the population rate
C
another word for climate change
D
the use of green energy

Slide 29 - Quiz

Natural resources are
A
materials we use like fuels
B
trees and plants
C
Information sources
D
sunlight and crbon dioxide

Slide 30 - Quiz

Sustainability
=
A
Duurzaamheid
B
leuk samenwerken
C
Verantwoord
D
Milieuproblematiek

Slide 31 - Quiz

Slide 32 - Lien

Which is a example of a non-renewable energy source?
A
solar energy
B
wind energy
C
burning biomass
D
burning petrol/diesel

Slide 33 - Quiz