Chapter 2: Cities and their function

Chapter 2: Cities and their functions


In this chapter we focus on different urban city models, the history of cities and the different functions of cities nowadays
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Chapter 2: Cities and their functions


In this chapter we focus on different urban city models, the history of cities and the different functions of cities nowadays

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Section 2.1. History of cities

Learning goals:
  • Explain the development of cities, in the past and in the present;
  • Describe the different functions cities have. 
  • Explain the effects of globalization on cities. 

Because of the first agricultural revolution people moved to places where to could live together in villages. 
Within these societies people got different tasks, some people responsible for agriculture, others for organizing the community.

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People started to live in communities located in the Fertile Crescent. 

Because of the high production trade started.


Still now the site and situation of a certain place are important.

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Site
This is the physical land where the settlement is built upon. 
Early sites were chosen to suit the needs of people. 
For example - Fertile soil for crops and enough fresh water to drink --> close to a river. 

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Situation
The situation of a settlement is the description of the settlement in relation to the other settlements and physical features around it. The situation of a settlement is the most important in determining whether it grows to become a large city or stays as a small town or village.

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Slide 6 - Lien

Slide 7 - Vidéo

Villages started to growth and became cities.

Cities can grow in two ways:
- Organic growth; growth because of the cities unique site which is unplanned
- Planned growth: a planned grow of cities


Old cities e.g. Paris show both types of growth.

Most cities in the US show proof of planned growth.

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Paris

Slide 9 - Diapositive

Urban land use model or Burgess model
This is a basic urban land use model based upon cities in the 1920s. 
The center here is the oldest part and the part where everybody wanted to live. These days we call it the CBD, hence the huge buildings in the image. 

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Slide 11 - Vidéo

Industrial revolution

Starting in the UK around 1870/1880 the industrial revolution lead to urbanisation.

Why did the IR caused urbanisation?
Functions of cities
There is a clear division of functions a city can have. This is also visible in the Netherlands:
- The Hague: government
- Rotterdam: harbour
- Amsterdam: financial companies
- Delft: university

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Slide 13 - Vidéo

2.2. Brussels: a city of political power
Learning goals:
- Explain why Brussels became an administrative centre
- Describe what functions Brussels fulfils as an administrative centre 
- Describe the modern history of Belgium


Belgium is a country with a complex structure; the country is divided in three "gemeenschappen" based on the three official languages (Flemish, French and German), but also in three (different) "gewesten" (Vlaanderen, Wallonië and Brussels). Every gemeenschap and gewest has an own parliament.

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Slide 15 - Vidéo

The industrial revolution led to growth of the cities in Western Europe. Also Brussels became bigger as from the 20th century. Because of this expand the original seperate villages near Brussels became a part of Brussels itself.
Brussels wasn't only a city anymore but the surrounding villages became part of Brussels; as from then Brussels is a agglomeration.

People worked in the city centre of Brussels but lived in the neighbourhoods or suburbs on the edge of Brussels. Because of the rapid growth these suburbs had to be restored = rejuvenation.

Slide 16 - Diapositive

Why did the situation of working in the city centre and living in the suburbs caused traffic jams?

Slide 17 - Question ouverte

Why do people sometimes call Brussels the capital of Europe?

Slide 18 - Question ouverte

2.3. London: international financial centre
Learning goals:
- Explain how London became a financial centre;
-  Describe the characteristics and functions of a financial centre;
- Describe the effects of the Brexit on London

Slide 19 - Diapositive

Slide 20 - Vidéo

Why did most Londoners voted remain in the Brexit voting?

Slide 21 - Question ouverte