6-10-21

• Engels
• Beroepsopleiding

Today's lesson

tongue twisters

Revise some irregular verbs

Improving your writing using relative clauses

Warming up: 

Let's get today's class warmed up using a tongue twister. 

Betty bought a bit of butter but the bit of butter Betty bought was bitter so Betty bought a better bit of butter and the batter was better

Some more tongue twisters

I saw a kitten eating chicken in the kitchen

He threw three free throws

Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread

Irregular verbs practise Be - Win

Spin the spinner

Then name all 3 rows of the verb

(infinitive, past simple, past participle)

Relative clauses

We use relative clauses to join two sentences together, or to give more information.

I bought a new car. It is very fast.

I bought a new car that is very fast.

She lives in Lissabon. She enjoys living in Lissabon.

She lives in Lissabon, which she enjoys. 

The most common relative clauses are: who, which, that

When to use who, which, that

Who: People

Which: Things

That: people / things

The man who / that bought our house is Pete's neighbour.

I phoned my brother who / that lives in Rome.

That's the bag which / that I bought in Lissabon.

Important: when the sentence is between commas and contains extra information (instead of necessary information) we cannot use "that". 

My brother, who lives in Canada, is older.

Using commas in a sentence

When we unite 2 sentences using a relative clause we create a new sentence. 

When the part starting with the relative clause is important information we cannot use commas.

That's the bag which I bought in Paris

By "important information" I mean information which is necessary to understand the sentence.

When the part starting with the relative clause contains extra information we do use commas.

My favourite bag, which I bought in Paris, is blue and red.

(With "Extra information" I mean: the sentence still makes sense when we omit this part of the sentence: My favourite bag is blue and red)

Omitting who, which

In sentences containing important information we can omit who / which:

That is the bag (which) I bought in Paris

However, when who/ which is followed by a verb, you cannot omit it!

The grapes which are laying in the fridge are rotten

In sentences containing extra information, we cannot omit who / which:

Peter introduced me to Sally, who was very friendly.

Peter introduced me to Sally, was very friendly

"Important information" sentences

Cannot be left out

No commas

Use who / which / that

You can omit who / which / that: unless followed by a verb

"Extra information" sentences

Can be left out

Use commas

Only use who / which (no that!)

You cannot omit who / which

A short summary for the two different types of sentences using relative clauses

Other relative clauses: Whose / where / when 

Whose:

Indicates possession and cannot be left out. It replaces his / her / its. It can also replace a possessive 's. 

The dog is over there. The dog's / its owner lives here.

the dog, whose owner lives here, is over there. 

where / when : These can also be used to link 2 sentences.

I live in a city. I study in the city -> I live in the city where I study.

I was at a concert. I drank some wine -> I drank some wine when I was at the concert.

Personal practise time

Now create your own sentences.

First make very short simple sentences (about any topic)

Then try to unite 2 sentences using who / which/ that / where / when 

Now your writing looks smarter because you can combine 2 short sentences to make a long, smart sounding sentence.

Your mouth is still sore from the tongue twisters

Your brain is still fried from the irregular verb practise.

So you feel wrecked but no-one on Instagram notices;-)