Lesson 3. The Five Pillars of Islam: Fundamental Duties of a Muslim.

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The five Pillars

Every Muslim has the obligation to adhere to the five pillars of Islam:

Shahada (الشهادة): Recitation of the declaration of faith.

Salah (الصلاة): Praying five times a day.

Zakat (الزكاة): Giving alms to the poor.

Sawm (الصوم): Fasting during the month of Ramadan.

Hajj (الحج): Making the pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime, if possible.

The knight in the chess game moves 2 squares horizontally and 1 square vertically, or a move of 2 squares vertically and 1 square horizontally.

An L-shape always forms with a knight's jump

We are looking for the most important person from Islam.

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The knight in chess moves 2 squares horizontally with 1 square vertically or a movement of 2 squares vertically with 1 square horizontally.

An L-shape is always formed with a knight's move

We are looking for another word for caliph.

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Learning objectives.

1. You understand what the 5 pillars of Islam are and why they are important for Muslims. (Arabic wording)
2. You have taken note of the meaning and practical implementation of the Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Saum, and Hajj.
3. You understand what the small festival (Eid al-Fitr) and the big festival (Eid al-Adha) are and why they are important for Muslims.

The 5 Pillars

The five pillars each have their own meaning and purpose, but together they form a complete system of worship and service to Allah

The horse in chess moves 2 squares horizontally with 1 square vertically or a movement of 2 squares vertically with 1 square horizontally.

An L-shape always occurs with a knight's jump.

"We are looking for a city that was conquered by Omar.

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1. Shahada (profession of faith)

There is no god but Allah, and Mohammad is his prophet.

Not believing in Allah, rejecting Allah, or preventing people from 'the path of Allah' is the greatest crime that anyone can commit

The declaration of faith (Shahada) in Islam is a fundamental statement that forms the basis of the faith of every Muslim. The Shahada consists of two parts:

La ilaha illallah (لا إله إلا الله): This means "There is no god but Allah." With this, the Muslim acknowledges that there is only one God, the Creator of the universe, and that there are no other gods that should be worshipped.

Muhammadun rasulullah (محمد رسول الله): This means "Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." By professing this part of the Shahada, the Muslim accepts that Muhammad is the last prophet and messenger of God, who received the Islamic revelation and proclaimed it to humanity.

Together, these two parts of the Shahada form the core of Islamic faith, and Muslims testify to their devotion to Allah as the only true God and to Muhammad as His prophet. The Shahada is not only a statement of faith but also a confirmation of the unity of God, the role of the prophet Muhammad, and the commitment to Islamic principles and teachings.

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•  Voorbereiding: ritueel wassen ( woedoe) 
  

2. Salaat (ritual prayer)

Obligatory five times a day.

Praying in a pure place on a prayer mat. Preparation: ritual washing of hands, face, and feet. (wudu)

The ritual prayer in Islam, known as Salah or Salat (الصلاة), is one of the most important practices for Muslims. Here follows a concise explanation of the Salah prayer:

Times: Muslims pray five times a day at fixed times, which depend on the position of the sun throughout the day: before sunrise (Fajr), around noon (Dhuhr), in the afternoon (Asr), after sunset (Maghrib), and in the evening (Isha).

Ritual purity: Before the prayer begins, Muslims must purify themselves ritually by performing a washing (Wudu), in which specific body parts are washed according to certain regulations. For some prayers, such as the Friday prayer, a greater washing (Ghusl) is required.

Direction of prayer: During the prayer, Muslims always face the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, known as the Qibla.

Prayer positions: The prayer consists of a series of positions and recitations, including standing (Qiyam), bowing (Ruku'), rising from the bow (Sujud), and sitting (Julus). During the prayer, various verses from the Quran are recited, starting with the opening surah (Al-Fatiha).

Intention and concentration: The prayer requires a sincere intention (Niyyah) and concentration to be fully engaged in the worship of Allah.

The ritual prayer plays a central role in the daily life of a Muslim and is seen as one of the most important ways to promote spiritual growth, discipline, and community connection.

What is the meaning of a ritual prayer?

1. A prayer that can only be performed at home.
2. A prayer that is performed at a set time and in a specified manner
3. A prayer that is performed only on Friday.
4. A prayer where one does not have to kneel.

Welke woorden worden uitgesproken ter oproep van het verplichte gebed?

What words are spoken to call to prayer?

1. Allahu Akbar
2. Alhamdulillah
3. Astaghfirullah
4. Bismillah

A. God is great.

B. All praise to God.

C. I ask forgiveness from God.

D. In the name of God.

What significant event happened in Jerusalem befor Islam?

1. The construction of the First Temple.
2. The founding of New York City.

Is Judaism older than other major religions?

1. No, it is the youngest religion.
2. Yes, it is one of the oldest.

What is a common way to read the Quran?

1. In a state of purity
2. In a loud voice
3. During a party
4. While driving

Who accompanied Muhammad during the night journey?

1. Abu Bakr
2. Angel Gabriel
3. Ali ibn Abi Talib
4. Moses

Why is he not allowed to touch the Quran?

1. Because he is not a Muslim..
2. Because he just went to the toilet and did not wash his hands.
3. Because he has not ritually purified himself.
4. Because he has not asked for permission to do it.

Which direction should Muslims pray now?

1. Jerusalem
2. Amsterdam
3. Damascus
4. Mecca

00:34

What is the most holy city in Islam?

1. Medina
2. New York
3. Mecca
4. Jerusalem

01:30

What did Muhammad receive as a command?

1. Charity guidelines
2. The Holy Quran
3. Pilgrimage instructions
4. The five daily prayers

02:26

When was the Al-Aqsa Mosque built?

1. 711 AD
2. 800 AD
3. 650 AD
4. 705 AD

03:14

How should one handle the Quran physically?

1. With clean hands
2. While sleeping
3. With dirty hands
4. While eating

03:57

Why is Jerusalem a holy city for Jews?

1. It is mentioned in the Torah
2. It is the capital of Israel
3. It hosts the Western Wall
4. It is the site of the Temple

voor slechte daden

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Control

Two angels: 1 for good deeds and 1 for bad deeds. On the Day of Resurrection, they advise Allah on where the person should go (paradise or hell).

Good deeds and the observance of religious prescriptions can compensate for sins.

Performing good deeds and striving for a good life are seen as ways to obtain grace and forgiveness.

According to Islamic traditions, there are two angels that play a role during the obligatory prayer (Salah):

Kiraman Katibin (كراماً كاتبين): These angels are translated as "the Honorable Writers" or "the Noble Writers." They are tasked with keeping track of people's deeds. One of them writes down good deeds, while the other writes down bad deeds. They are constantly present with a person and record every action and every word.

Mu'aqqibat (معقبات): These are angels who are responsible for protecting and guarding an individual. They are also involved in recording people's deeds, but their primary task is to provide protection to believers and keep them safe from evil.

During the prayer, these angels are considered to be present and observe the devotion and obedience of the believer to Allah. Their role emphasizes the importance of sincerity and concentration during prayer, as all our deeds are recorded and reflected in the records that these angels make.

Which of the following statements describes the concept of forgiveness of sins and grace in Christianity and Islam most accurately?

1. Only Christianity believes in forgiveness through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.
2. Forgiveness of sins is only possible through confession to a priest.
3. Both believe in forgiveness through sincere repentance and good deeds
4. Only Islam believes in direct forgiveness by God.

De tasbih

Tasbih

It is a tool for pronouncing the 99 names of God.

A prayer bead in Islam is known as "tasbih" (تسبيح) in Arabic. It is a physical tool used by Muslims to count the number of repetitions of certain formulas or glorifications during prayer or while reciting dhikr (remembrance of Allah).

Characteristics of a Prayer Bead (Tasbih):

Materials: A tasbih can be made from various materials, such as wood, beads (often made of pearl, glass, or plastic), or gemstones. Traditional tasbihs are often made from wood or beads and have a number of beads or knots connected by a thread.

Number of beads: A standard tasbih often has 99 or 33 beads, separated by a larger bead or a tassel that indicates the beginning or end. Some tasbihs also have 1000 beads for more intensive use.

Use: During prayer or dhikr, the Muslim holds the tasbih in hand and slides the beads one by one through the fingers while uttering repeated formulas.

3. zakaat (armenbelasting)

3. Zakat (charity tax)

Goal: not to be greedy and the difference between poor and rich remains relatively small.

Not voluntarily anymore, at least 2.5% of the income.

Cleaning the soul and helping Muslims in need.

Zakat (الزكاة) is one of the five pillars of Islam and refers to the obligatory charity or alms that Muslims must give to the less fortunate and needy in society.

Obligation: Zakat is mandatory for Muslims who are financially capable. It is not an optional act of generosity, but a fundamental part of faith that is directly imposed by Allah in the Quran.

Purpose: The main purpose of Zakat is to purify wealth and to strengthen unity and solidarity within the Muslim community by connecting the rich with the poor.

Calculation: Zakat is calculated as a fixed percentage (usually 2.5%) of the possessions of a Muslim that have not been used for living expenses or investments for a year.

Who receives Zakat: Zakat is distributed among eight categories of people who are entitled to receive it. This includes the poor and needy.

De tasbih

4. Saum  (fasting)

Ramadan is the most important fasting period.

Falls in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar

From sunrise to sunset, one is not allowed to eat, drink, speak ill, smoke, and have sexual intercourse.

Saum (الصوم) refers to fasting in Islam, one of the five pillars of faith.

Definition: Saum is the fasting during the month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. The fast begins at dawn (Fajr) and ends at sunset (Maghrib).

Purpose: Fasting during Ramadan is a spiritual practice that helps Muslims develop self-control, discipline, and empathy for the less fortunate. It is also a time of reflection, prayer, and strengthening the bond with Allah.

Obligation: For adult Muslims, fasting during Ramadan is mandatory, except for those who are exempt due to health reasons, traveling, pregnant women, nursing mothers, the elderly, or those who are physically or mentally unable to fast.

Exceptions and Compensation: Muslims who cannot fast during Ramadan for valid reasons, such as illness or travel, must make up the missed fasting days when they are able. If this is not possible, they must provide food to the poor as compensation.

Spiritual Aspects: In addition to fasting from food and drink, Islam encourages a higher level of spiritual activity during Ramadan, including extra prayers (Taraweeh), reading the Quran, and performing good deeds.

De tasbih

The sugar festival (the small festival) 

(Eid al-Fitr)

The end of the fasting period.

Men pay a visit to the Mosque.

Day is marked by a family visit.

The Sugar Feast, also known as Eid al-Fitr (عيد الفطر) in Arabic, is an important Islamic holiday that marks the end of the fasting month of Ramadan.

Meaning: Eid al-Fitr literally means "festival of breaking the fast." It is celebrated by Muslims worldwide to commemorate the completion of a month of fasting, prayer, self-reflection, and charity.

Date: The Sugar Feast begins on the first day of the following month of the Islamic calendar, Shawwal. The exact date varies depending on the lunar calendar and can differ from year to year.

Activities: On Eid al-Fitr, Muslims come together for special prayers, often in a large community mosque or public prayer space. After the prayer, people exchange congratulations and wish each other "Eid Mubarak," which means "Blessed festival."

Gifts and charity: The Sugar Feast also includes giving gifts, especially to children, wearing new clothes, and giving charity (zakat al-Fitr) to those in need, so that they too can participate in the celebration.

Culinary traditions: An important aspect of Eid al-Fitr is sharing meals and sweet treats with family, friends, and neighbors. Popular dishes vary by cultural background, but sweet dishes such as baklava, cookies, and sweet rice are often present.

The Sugar Feast is a time of joy, community, and gratitude among Muslims, and it marks the end of a period of spiritual growth and discipline during Ramadan.

De tasbih

5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

 Obligation for every healthy adult Muslim.

Hadji, a Muslim who has performed a Hajj.

"Besides the Hajj, there is also the Umrah (the minor pilgrimage)

The Hajj (حج) is the pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam.

Meaning: The Hajj is a religious obligation for Muslims who are physically and financially able to make this pilgrimage. It is a spiritual journey to Mecca that must be completed once in a lifetime.

Time: The Hajj takes place during the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar. Specifically, it begins on the 8th day of Dhu al-Hijjah and ends on the 12th day.

Rituals: The Hajj includes various rituals that date back to the time of the prophet Muhammad. Some of the main rituals are:

Tawaf: Walking seven times around the Kaaba, the holiest sanctuary in Islam, in a counterclockwise direction.

Sa'i: Walking back and forth seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, in remembrance of Hagar's search for water for her son Ishmael.

Standing on the plain of Arafat: The most important day of Hajj, where pilgrims spend the entire day praying and supplicating, and where forgiveness and mercy are sought from Allah.

Significance: The Hajj is a spiritual journey that gives Muslims the opportunity to erase their sins and start anew. It promotes unity, equality, and humility, as all pilgrims, regardless of their background, wear the same clothing and perform the same rituals.

Conclusion: After completing the Hajj, Muslims celebrate the Eid al-Adha festival, during which animals are sacrificed in remembrance of the sacrifice of Ibrahim (Abraham).

The Hajj is one of the most special experiences in the life of a Muslim and symbolizes obedience to Allah, community spirit, and spiritual renewal.

1You must believe in one god.

You must pray ___            times a day, with your face towards __

You must give ___              of your income away. This money is, among other things, for the ___.

You may not eat and drink during the ___,                from sunrise to sunset.

You must make a pilgrimage once in your life.

Hadj

Shahada

five

2,5 percent

poor

Ramadan

Mecca

De tasbih

The sacrificial feast (the great feast)

 (Eid al-Adha)

The meat of the sacrificed animals is largely distributed to people who have little.

The Feast of Sacrifice, also known as Eid al-Adha (عيد الأضحى) in Arabic, is an important Islamic festival that takes place in remembrance of the sacrifice of Ibrahim (Abraham).

Meaning: Eid al-Adha marks the end of the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca, and commemorates the story in which Ibrahim was willing to sacrifice his son Isma'il (Ishmael) in obedience to Allah's command. At the last moment, Allah replaced Isma'il with a ram, which was sacrificed instead.

Date: Eid al-Adha begins on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar, and lasts a total of four days. It is celebrated by Muslims around the world.

Rituals: During Eid al-Adha, Muslims sacrifice an animal, usually a sheep, goat, cow, or camel, in remembrance of Ibrahim's sacrifice. The meat of the sacrificed animal is distributed among family, friends, and the needy, symbolizing the sharing of blessings and gratitude.

Spiritual significance: Eid al-Adha emphasizes obedience to Allah, trust in His providence, and the willingness to make personal sacrifices following the example of Ibrahim. It is also a time of togetherness, where Muslims come together for communal prayers, sharing meals, and exchanging good wishes.

Gifts and charity: During Eid al-Adha, Muslims give gifts to family members and provide charity to those in need, contributing to a sense of community and solidarity.

The Feast of Sacrifice is an important moment of joy, reflection, and charity within the Islamic community, highlighting the central values of obedience to God, humility, and love for one’s neighbor.

Welke woorden

What is another word for confession of faith?

1. Salat
2. Shahada
3. Ramadan
4. Zakat

Welke woorden

Which rule does not belong to the 5 pillars of Islam?

1. Salat
2. Shahada
3. Ramadan
4. Zakat

Welke woorden worden gebed?

What is the name of the place where Muslims pray?

1. Church
2. Mosque
3. Synagogue
4. Temple

Welke woorden worden verplichte

What do you call the 5 rules of Islam?

1. The 5 towers
2. The 5 rules of Mohammed.
3. The 5 commandments
4. The five pillars

verplichte gebed?

What happens during the confession of faith?

1. The convert recites the Shahada
2. The Muslim speaks the azan
3. The pope sings a song
4. The atheist pronounces the Shahada."

verplichte gebed?

When is the Ramadan?

1. When we celebrate Thanks giving
2. In the 9th month of the Islamic calendar.
3. During the period of carnival.
4. May 23rd - August 18th

Welke woorden

What do Muslims pray on?

1. A rug
2. A table
3. A chair
4. The ground

learning objectives

• I understand what the 5 pillars of Islam are and why they are important for Muslims. (Arabic wording)
• I have taken note of the meaning and practical implementation of the Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Saum, and Hajj.
• I understand what the small festival (Eid al-Fitr) and the great festival (Eid al-Adha) are and why they are important for Muslims.