6.2 The Crusades

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6.2 The Crusades

Priest

Crusader

Siege tower

City wall of Jerusalem

A call for help

• The Turks  conquered large parts of the Middle East.
• In 1080 they threatened to attack the Byzantine Empire.
• The emperor asked the Pope for help.

Turkish warrior looking at a Byzantine (Eastern Roman) city

Response

• Pope Urban II calls for a crusade (=holy war) in 1094.
• Goal= Making the Holy Land Christian again.
• =Jerusalem and its surroundings.

Pope Urban II calling for a holy war

Crusaders of the first Crusade

7,000-10,000 knights

35,000-50,000 foot soldiers

70,000-100,000 non-combatants

The path to Jerusalem

• Many people (even children) joined the 1st Crusade.
• They plundered many towns on the way.  

Crusader States

• Few crusaders survived the trip and battle, but they managed to take Jerusalem.
• Small crusader states are established such as the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

ZS - Read 6.2 (page 130-133)

• Done with reading? ->
• Write down at least four effects of the crusades (below your notes).