U5 B1 2HVTTO

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

B1 Genotype and Phenotype

• Jacket in your locker
• Put your things on your desk

       Laptop/Book

       Notebook, pencil case

• Bag on the floor
  
• Read pages 96-100

Lessongoals

• Understand: I can explain that every body cell contains the complete DNA of an organism by describing where the DNA is located and what it does.
• Understand: I can explain the difference between genotype and phenotype by comparing the two with correct examples.
• Apply: I can give examples of how an organism's phenotype can change by describing influences like environment or lifestyle.
• Understand: I can explain how cells use only the genes they need by describing how gene activation works.
• Analyze: I can explain whether traits are inherited or learned by giving examples and explaining the cause of each. 

Homework U5 B1

asgmt 1-8 (5)

OR challenge

asgmt 1, 6-10

A human has ... chromosomes in each cell. (number)

Alphabet: Think-Pair-Share

• Think: Work on the assignment on your own.
• Write all the letters of the alphabet in your notebook in 3 rows
• Use each letter to write a characteristic of yourself (example: blond, blue eyes, slim, smart, etc.)

• Pair: Discuss and compare with your neighbour, improve your answer
• Share: Talk about given answers during plenary session.
• Which characterstics are hereditary?

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
Hair colour

none

some

much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
Height

None

Some

Much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
Weight

None

Some

Much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

How much influence does your DNA have on your:
sexual orientation (straight, gay, etc.)

None

Some

Much

Complete, only your DNA decides it

DNA

• Humans: 46 chromosomes in each body cell
• DNA stores information for all of your hereditary characteristics (example: blue eyes)
• Complete DNA = Genotype
• Genotype is created during fertilization

Body cells are all cells that are part of your body.

Examples: cells of the intestines, brain, eyes, muscles, skin, etc.

Sex cells (egg cells and sperm cells) are not part of your body, the are an exception, these cells have half the amount of chromosomes

Genotype = all the hereditary information contained in your DNA.

You body uses this information to function.

It tells your body how it should build itself and how all of its part work.

You can compare the genotype to a cookbook with many recipes.

Your body is constantly reading this cookbook to know how to make all the parts of your body

examples

Your genotype influences ....

(influences means that the measure in which the genotype affects something differs)

• how tall you will become
• how easy it is to gain/lose weight
• how much talent you have for sports
• what colour your eyes are
• if you are at risk for certain diseases
• your gender/sexual orientation

hereditary = characteristics you inherit from your parents

Genotype/DNA don't decide everything!
How can you affect what your body looks like?

Phenotype

• All your characteristics = phenotype
• Phenotype is a combination of: genotype (DNA) and influences from your surroundings

Examples:

• Hair colour
• Weight
• Voice
• Lung capacity
• Build of your muscles
• Size of your feet
• Blood pressure
• etc

Examples:

• The weather
• How much you eat
• How much you exercise
• What you do each day
• etc.

Phenotype=genotype+surroundings

• The sun makes your skin become brown
• If you dye your hair, it will have a different colour
• If you eat too much all the time, you will gain weight
• If you work out a lot, you will lose weight/gain muscle
• If you eat too less when you are young, you won't grow as tall (as you might have been able to)

On or off

• Gene = hereditary information of 1 characteristic
• Every body cell contains all genes (genotype)
• Genes that are on do something in the cell.
• Genes that are off do nothing (for that cell)
• Depends on the type of cell and place in the body

Example:

 Stomach cell : genes for hair colour are off.

 Stomach cell : genes for production of acid are on

Examples

• Gene for hair colour
• Gene for eye colour
• Gene for height
• Gene for feet size
• Gene for production of saliva

What you should do: U5 B1

• Read pages  96-102
• Do asgmt  1-8 (5)

OR challenge

• Asgmt 1, 6-10

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zs = Working in Silence

• No asking questions
• Silent, don't disturb anyone
  
• Stay at your  desk

What you should do: U5 B1

• Read pages 96-102
• Do asgmt 1-8 (5)

OR challenge

• Asgmt 1, 6-10

Done with the above?

• Work on the next chapter(s)
• Learn for the test 
• Make other homework
• Read a book

Zw = Working with whispering

• Teacher is available for questions
• Only whisper with the student next to you
• Stay at your  desk

DNA sometimes mutates, this means that part of the DNA changes.
This happens each day in a few cells of our body.

Explain: When looking at a person as a whole, will a mutation change the genotype and/or phenotype?

Tidy Duty

3 people each lesson

• Desks: empty and straight
• Chairs:  underneath the desks OR end of day: on the desks
• Floor: no rubbish