1.2 dissatisfaction in the Netherlands

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1.2 dissatisfaction in the Netherlands

Welcome!

At the end of this lesson...

• You are able to explain the consequences of Martin Luther's reformation.
• You can explain how the Netherlands was governed in about 1520 and what Charles V wanted to change about this.

Planning

• Explaining the consequences and calvinism (+- 15 min)
•  Explaining the start of the Dutch Revolt (+- 15 min)
• Homework (+- 15 min)

Consequence 1

• Charles V declared Luther an outlaw, but he got protected by the Duke of Saxony.
• A war of religion broke out in the German Empire between Catholics and Protestants.
• 1555: Peace of Augsburg.

Consequence 2

• Luther's reformation led to the founding of a new church: the Protestant Church.

• Luther never wanted this. He only wanted to make adjustments (reform) the Catholic Church.

Calvinism

By John Calvin

Why did the Christian church split in 2?

Was the split in the church an intended consequence? Explain why

Protestant church or Catholic church?

Worshipping Saints

1. Protestant
2. Catholic

Protestant church or Catholic church?


Sober actions

1. Protestant
2. Catholic

Protestant Church or Catholic Church?


Veneration of relics

1. Protestant
2. Catholic

Protestant Church or Catholic Church?

The Pope is the leader

1. Protestant
2. Catholic

Charles V

1500-1558

• Charles of Habsburg inherits the Dutch regions (1506), Spain (1516) and the Roman-German Empire (1519)
• His empire had grown enormously through marriages, conquests and inheritances
• Although he is King of Spain and Emperor of the Roman-German Empire, he does not become king, but 'Lord of the Netherlands'

Charles' title?

Karel, bij de gratie Gods, Heilig Rooms keizer, Semper Augustus, Koning van Duitsland, Koning van Italië, Koning van heel Spanje, Castilië, Aragón, León, Navarra, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicië, Mallorca, Secillia, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, Algarve, Algeciras, Gibraltar, de Canarische eilanden, Koning van de Beide Siciliën, Sardinië, Corsica, Koning van Jerusalem, Koning van de Westelijke en Oostelijke Indiën, Heer van de Eilanden en de Grote Oceaan, Aartshertog van Oostenrijk, Hertog van Bourgondië, Brabant, Lotharingen, Stiermarken, Karinthië, Krain, Limburg, Luxemburg, Gelderland, Neopatrië, Württemberg, Landgraaf van de Elzas, Prins van Zwaben, Graaf van Vlaanderen, Habsburg, Tirol, Gorizia, Barcelona, Artesië, Franche Comté, Henegouwen, Holland, Zeeland, Ferrette, Kyburg, Namen, Roussillon, Cerdagne, Drenthe, Zutphen, Markgraaf van het Heilig Roomse Rijk, Burgau, Oristano en Gociano, Heer van Friesland, het Wendland, Pordenone, Biskaye, Molin, Salins, Tripoli en Mechelen.

Centralize?

• Charles wishes to reorganise the Dutch government and to centralize the provinces.

• How? Collateral councils!

1.  The Secret Council, they give advice on domestic affairs.
2. The Council of States, they give advice on foreign affairs and war cases.
3. The Council of Finances, they give advice on the finances of the Habsburg provinces.

Central councils created by Charles V that governed the Netherlands. They were created to advance the centralisation of the Netherlands.

John Calvin

• Another religious reformer was the Frenchman John Calvin.
• Predestination theory
• Living according to strict rules.

You do not have to obey a government order if it is in conflict with God's will.

All rulers are appointed by God and must therefore be obeyed.

No protestants!

• Charles V is unhappy with the increasing number of calvinists in the Dutch provinces.
• He instigates the Edict of Blood.
•  The inquisition is made to pursue and persecute heretics

A law, made by Charles V, against heresy.

A system of tribunals developed by the church made to pursue and persecute heretics.

After the Treaty of Augsburg Charles V abdicates....

...and is succeeded by his son Philip II

What did Charles V want to change in the Netherlands?

Homework!

1.2 exercise 1 to 4

Medieval cat of the day

1.2 dissatisfaction in the Netherlands

Welcome!

Part 2

At the end of this lesson...

• You can give three reasons why people living in the Netherlands started to rebel against the Spanish king.
  
• You can explain why the Iconoclastic Fury started and what consequences it had.

Planning

• What do you remember? (+- 10 min)
• Clil activity (+- 10 min)
• Explanation (+- 20 min) 
• Check if you understood (+- 5 min)

CLIL

An activity!

You're going to see 3 pictures. Explain what is happening in the picture by formulating an English sentence. Use the help words underneath. 

Stake, heretic

William of Orange

Iconoclastic fury, destroy

Unhappy

Philip II does not recieve a warm welcome:

1. Is extra ruthless towards protestants.
2. The conflicts Philip enters are costly, causing higher taxes.
3. He tries to centralize like his predecessors. Many noblemen are afraid to lose their priviliges. 

Change in the Netherlands

• Philip wanted to leave the Netherlands as quickly as possible and govern his empire centrally from Madrid (Spain). That happened from 1559 onwards.
• He let his half-sister Margaret of Parma govern the Netherlands as viceroy. She followed his orders from Spain...
• ...and the governors had to reluctantly carry out those orders again.

Margaret of Parma

The tension rises...

• Many Dutch nobles were reluctant to be so tough on protestants, it would only cause uprisings.
• In 1566, 200 Dutch nobles hand over an unusual request: the nobleman's petition (Smeekschrift der Edelen) and in it they request that protestants are treated more benevolently. 
• Margaretha conceded: no more Protestants would be persecuted for a while.

Field preaching 

• There were no calvinist churches so the people had to hold hagenpreken. (field preaching)
• During one of these they talk about their disapproval of Philip and the catholic church....

A religious gathering in an open field, led by a Calvinistic preacher

The Iconoclastic Fury 

1566

• The unrest temporarily diminishes, but in August 1566 things go wrong
• After a call from Protestant priests to remove the statues in the churches, hundreds of churches are vandalized and looted.
• This iconoclastic fury was not only done by fanatical Protestants, but also by poor and hungry Catholics and rioters.

De beeldenstorm AKA the Iconoclastic Fury: In 1566 a group of Calvinists are furious after all Philip II has done. They decide to destroy Catholic churches and monastries they feel are decorated too lavishly.

During the song they sing ''ja zo maken wij de kerken schoon''. Why would they sing this do you think?

And now....