6.3: The rise of the -isms

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6.3: The rise of the -isms

Recap

Source 3: "het tikken op de harde mannenkoppen helpt dus eindelijk.”

Which -ism is represented in source 3?

1. Liberalism
2. Socialism
3. Confessionalism
4. Feminism

Objectives

• Explain how after 1848, a parliamentary government could develop in the Netherlands
• You can describe different isms (conservatism, liberalism, confessionalism, feminism) in your own words and explain it to your neighbour.

Lodewijk XVI and Marie Antoinette

 French Revolution 1789-1793

French revolution

Ferternity

Equality

Liberty

Positive outcomes

Code Napoleon:

• Napoleon's Code
  
• Treat all people equally
  
• Everyone has the right to a fair trial
  
• Conscription (= dienstplicht)

In 1815 Napoleon is defeated .

Koning Willem-Alexander

The rule of William I (1815-1840)

He wanted the kingdom to become a modern industrialised country --> Invested in the infrastructure

Problem → Belgium, because:

• They were forced to speak Dutch
• There were more Dutch representatives and ministers than Belgium
• They had to help pay the Dutch debt
• They were catholic, while the Netherlands was mainly protestant

In 1830 they rebelled and became independent (officially 1830, but William I recognized it in 1839).

south

north

4. What were the differences between the southern and the northern provinces of the Netherlands?

focus on trade

catholic

French is spoken

protestant

Dutch is spoken

focus on industry

The rule of William II (1840-1849)

The revolutionary year of 1848→ in many countries in Europe rebellions broke out. People demanded constitutional reform (an adjustment to the constitution). 

William II has to decide → stay conservative or become more liberal?

5. In 1848 a new revolution broke out in several European capitals.
Rioters demanded constitutional reform.

What does that mean?

1. Their country did not have a constitution but the rioters wanted one.
2. Their country had a constitution but it did not limit the king's power and give the people basic rights.
3. The people wanted to reform the constitution to give the monarch more power.
4. Their country had a constitution but it was based on Enlightenment ideas.

1848

• Potato famine:  food shortages and diseases cause a crisis in Western Europe. 
• Revolts happen: In France the king is even dethroned!
• Riots take place in Dutch cities. 
• William II decides to let Thorbecke change the constitution (1848).

Thorbecke

• The king is scared of a revolution
• So Johan Rudolf Thorbecke revises the constitution in 1848.

After 1848:

Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy (kingdom with constitution)

King is inviolable

Ministerial responsibility

8. Put the events in the correct chronological order

King William I was succeeded by his son King William II.

William II stopped being a conservative.

France became a republic for the second time

Revolutions broke out all over Europe.

Belgium became independent.

-Ism assignment

Read in you textbook what liberalism, socialism and confessionalism is

Source 1

Which -ism is represented in source 1?

1. Liberalism
2. Socialism
3. Confessionalism
4. Feminism

Source 2: “Hier blijft gij buiten. De openbare school is voor het kind.”

Which -ism is represented in source 2?

1. Liberalism
2. Socialism
3. Confessionalism
4. Feminism

Liberalism

1. Freedom for the individual leads to a better society. 

2. The government should not make too many rules and only play a small role in the lives of people.

3. Separation of church and state, 

4. Separation of power between the government, judges and parliament (Trias Politica).

What is Confessionalism

Socialism 

What is Socialism?	A political and economic system in which equality is important.
What did socialists want to achieve?	The government should • Regulate free market • Reduce exploitation by factory owners • Protect workers through laws • Give workers more rights (vote) • Put institutions (banks/transportations/factories)in common ownership
How did they try to achieve this?	• By uniting in trade unions • By organising strikes/demonstrations/protests • By establishing political parties
What did they achieve?	• Politicians sent commissions to visit factories and check conditions • Social laws (poverty law, law against child labour, laws about working hours/wages) • Eventually in The Netherlands they would achieve voting rights for all men in 1917, and for women in 1919.
Important socialists	• Robert Owen (considered one of the founders) • Karl Marx (considered one of the founders) • Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis (Dutch socialist)

• France becomes a republic again
• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

liberals & socialists: main differences:

       LIBERALS:

• NO government influence in the economy.
• success is your own responsibility (take care of yourself)

       SOCIALISTS:

• Government must influence the economy (social laws) 
• the weak should not be left to take care for themselves.

Objectives

• Explain how after 1848, a parliamentary government could develop in the Netherlands
• You can describe different isms (conservatism, liberalism, confessionalism, feminism) in your own words and explain it to your neighbour.

Assignment: 

Categorizing Political Movements

Read the following statements carefully. Write down which movement each statement belongs to: confessionalism, feminism, liberalism, or socialism.

After categorizing, ask students to come up with one example of a standpoint that fits each movement. This encourages them to think more deeply about the characteristics of the movements.

Statements

1. "The government should interfere as little as possible in the lives of citizens. Individual freedom is the most important."

2. "Men and women should have equal rights and opportunities in all parts of society."

3. "The government should ensure good social welfare systems and more equality between rich and poor."

4. "Decisions in politics and society should be based on the Bible or other religious principles."

Exercises

7, 8 and 9