5.4 Inheritance

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

• Waarom doen mensen eigenlijk aan archeologie?
• Wat is een levend fossiel? 
• Wanneer is een dier uitgestorven? 

5.4 inheritance

Sex-linked inheritance

Een bak met 50 rode ballen en 25 blauwe ballen: 

- als je telkens twee ballen pakt en deze alleen eruit haalt als ze dezelfde kleur hebben
(anders leg je ze terug en schud je de bak),
welke kleur is dan als eerste op? 

allele: variety of one gene

Plural = alleles

on each chromosome you

have an allele of a gene.

For example eye colour:

blue allele or brown allele

Is it a gene or an allele?

GENE

ALLELE

skin colour

curly hair

flower colour

blue eyes

blood type

type A blood

colour-blindness

hair type

short wings in a fruit fly

Evie says: 'all humans have the same genes, but not the same alleles'.
Mila says: 'all humans have the same alleles, but not the same genes'.
Who is right?

1. Evie
2. Mila
3. They both are
4. They are both wrong

Repetition: 

Two equal alleles: homozygous (AA or aa)

Two different alleles: heterozygous (Aa)

AA  => homozygous dominant  => brown eyes (phenotype)

Aa => heterozygous => brown eyes (phenotype)

aa => homozygous recessive => blue eyes (phenotype)

Genotype)

dominant and recessive

genotype is written down in letters.

for example

brown eye color A

blue eye color  a

genotype Aa    fenotype = brown eyes

dominant, recessive alleles

dominant A   is always visible in the genotype

recessive a  is only visible when there is no dominant allel

Dominant wins over recessive

mendelian inheritence

we can calculate probable percentages of offspring with different genotypes/fenotypes

we use a Punnet square

Some fruit flies have curly wings instead of normal wings (see the pictures below). Answer the questions using the letter R for normal wings and r for curly wings:

normal wings                 curly wings

a. Which is the dominant allele? Give the letter and the characteristic.

b. Which is the recessive allele? Give the letter and the characteristic.

c. What is the genotype of a fruit fly that is homozygous for curly wings? 

d. Which two genotypes will result in the ‘normal wings’ phenotype?

e. Can a fruit fly with curly wings have a heterozygous genotype? Explain your thinking.

CALCULATE THE CHANCE. 

Check out the steps on page 136.  

Let's practice! A guinea pig is homozygous for blue fur. This guinea pig mates with a guinea pig with yellow fur. Use a punnet square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having blue fur.

Practice

5.4

Exercises 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29