Grammar repetition unit 3 and 4\

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Repetition unit 3 and 4

Grammar

What are we going to talk about?

-Past simple

-Past continuous

-Past perfect

-Modal verbs

Past tenses

Used to describe moments and periods of time in the past. 

When Andrea arrived at work at 9:00 ...

... her secretary had opened the post.

.... her secretary was opening the post.

... her secretary opened the post. 

Past simple

Form is the same for all people.

I / you / we / they / he / she / it + verb + ed / irregular verb

He left at three o'clock. 

They arrived three weeks ago.

She didn't finish on time yesterday. 

I didn't visit my parents last weekend. 

What time did the train leave?

Past simple: use

1. Express a finished action in the past.

We met in 2000. 

I went to Manchester last week.

2. Actions that follow each other in a story.

Mary walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully. She heard a noise coming from behind the curtain. 

3. A past situation or habit.  

When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the sea. 

I used to walk the dog every day. 

Past Continuous

Was / were + verb + ing

I was learning French. 

They were driving to Paris.

We weren't waiting for a long time.

What were they doing?

Where was he studying?

Past continuous: use

1. Express activities in progress before, and probably after a particular time in the past:

I woke up at seven o'clock because you were making so much noise. 

2. for discriptions:

Rosa looked beautiful. She was wearing a green cotton dress and her make-up was looking really well done. 

3. To talk about an interrupted / incomplete activity. 

We were playing tennis when it started to rain. 

I was reading a book last night. 

Past perfect

Same for all persons.

I / you / we / they / she / he / it + had + past participle (irregular / verb + ed)

I hadn't seen him before. 

They had met before they saw each other at the party yesterday.

Past Perfect: use

1. Used to show that one action happened before the other.

When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my apartment and had stolen my TV. 

2. Tells stories in a non-chronological order.

Past simple: Sue and Pete divorced last month. They were together for six years. They divorced last month. 

Past perfect: Sue and Peter divorced last month. They'd met at university. and had been together for six years. 

Past perfect: use

3. When I got to the party, Peter went home.  

When I got to the party, Peter had gone home. 

Modal verbs

Can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to. 

They are used before other verbs and add meanings such as: certainty, possibility, obligation, ability and permission. 

Obligation: should, ought to, must. 

Should and ought to express suggestions, advice.

They tell you, what in the speaker's opinion, is the best or right thing to do. 

For example:

You're always broke, you should try spending less money on clothes. 

You ought to be more careful with money. 

Must expresses strong obligation. 

You must go visit your grandmother, she's sick!

Everyone must show their ID cards to get into a club.

Books must be returned to the library before the due date. 

Permission: can, be allowed to

Can is used to express ability:

I can swim. They can speak English.

Can and be allowed to are also used to express permission. Can is more informal.

You can borrow my bike tomorrow. They can't come in here with those muddy shoes. 

You're allowed to get married when you're 16 years old. 

They are allowed to use a dictionary for the test.

Making requests: can, could, will and would

Can I speak to you, please?

Could I ask you a question?

Will you help me?

Would you pass me the salt?

Could is more formal than can. 

Making offers: will and shall

Will is used to express an intention, decision or offer. 

Come over after work, I'll cook dinner. 

It's Jane's birthday today, I'll go buy her flowers.

Dave will give you a lift home. 

Shall ... I and shall ... we is used in questions.

Shall I carry your bag for you?

Shall we go out for dinner tonight?

https:

How many did you get right?

https:

How many did you get right?

https:

How many did you get right?

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How many did you get right?

I know how to make the past simple and when to use it.

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.

I know how to make the past continuous and when to use it.

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.

I know how to make the past perfect and when to use it.

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.

I know when to use the different modals.

1. I do, completely.
2. A little.
3. Not at all.

Test

The formative grammar test will be on Monday the 4th of February (next week).