Evolution: phylogenetic trees & morphological structures

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Evolution

Evidence for evolution, phylogenetic trees & morphological structures

Learning objectives

• Read and create phylogenetic trees
• Describe convergent and divergent evolution
• Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures
• Describe the significance of Comparative Anatomy Comparative embryology and Comparative Biochemistry as evidence of evolution.

Interesting structures

• Homologous: divergent evolution
  similar origin, different function
• Analogous: convergent evolution
  different origin, similar function

Vestigial organs

No apparent function, residual parts of an ancestor

Phylogenetic tree

Tips for reading trees

• Same, but different style
  
  
  
  
• Same, but turned at 
  branching point 

Building a tree

Lamprey is the outgroup: most distantly related, starting point





Trait shared by the largest group
Parsimony: simplest solution is most likely

Building a tree

Did you achieve these Learning objectives

• Read and create phylogenetic trees
• Describe convergent and divergent evolution
• Distinguish between analogous and homologous structures
• Describe the significance of Comparative Anatomy Comparative embryology and Comparative Biochemistry as evidence of evolution.

Work to be done

Assessment Questions Glencoe pg 507: Q 1-8 

Biozone 150 (IB 2014+) and worksheet on classification 

Assessment Questions Glencoe pg 507: Q 10-18,21-22 

Biozone 252, 254 

Assessment Questions Glencoe pg 508: Q 24-32 and 39-41 

The blue whale

1. What does this story tell you about evolution?

2. How do we know all this?

3. How fast does evolution go?

The blue whale

1. What does this story tell you about evolution?

2. How do we know all this?

3. How fast does evolution go?

According to this tree, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?

1. amphibians
2. ray-finned fish
3. primates
4. birds

According to this tree, birds are LEAST closely related to which organism?

1. amphibians
2. ray-finned fish
3. primates
4. sharks

What is the most recent common ancestor of C and D?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Which type of evolution shows a common ancestor?

1. convergent
2. divergent
3. adaptive radiation
4. both adaptive radiation and divergent

In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they

1. have a common ancestor
2. live in the same environment
3. develop homologous structures
4. are closely related

Flying fish, flying birds, and bats are examples of which of the following?

1. convergent evolution & homologous structures
2. convergent evolution & analogous structures
3. divergent evolution & homologous structures
4. divergent evolution & analogous structures

Match the image to the evolution pattern

1. A=convergent B=divergent C=adaptive radiation
2. A=adaptive radiation B=convergent C=divergent
3. A=divergent B=convergent C=adaptive radiation
4. A=divergent B=adaptive radiation C=convergent

Question:

What is the evidence for evolution? Watch the video and write down the evidence they found that supports the theory of evolution.

What is the evidence for evolution?
What kind of evidence can be found?