Grammar unit 2 2m/h/v

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Grammar unit 2

1. Past simple
   
2. Quantifiers
3. Relative pronouns
   
4. comparisons

Past Simple

You use the past simple when something happened in the past and is finished.

The past simple is what we call in Dutch: de onvoltooid verleden tijd

'to be' in de verleden tijd is onregelmatig en kent 2 vormen!

NB: Let op het verschil: where = waar en were = waren (=verleden tijd van zijn)

de vorm:

Regular Verbs

present                   past

I walk          ->         I walked

you walk    ->   you walked

he walks    ->     he walked

we walk     ->     we walked

you walk    ->   you walked

they walk  ->  they walked

 Regular Verbs

spelling exceptions 1

Als een werkwoord eindigt op een medeklinker + -y, dan verandert de -y in -ie: I carry - I carried

Let op, er verandert niets als het werkwoord eindigt op klinker + -y:

I play - I played

 Regular Verbs

spelling exceptions 2 en 3

Als een werkwoord eindigt op 

-e, dan komt er in de past simple alleen een -d achter: 

I live - I lived

In de past simple wordt de laatste medeklinker verdubbeld als er één klinker voor staat: 

I drop - I dropped

Past Simple - Irregular verbs

Some verbs in English are irregular, this means that in the past tense they don't get '-ed' at the end, but have their own form.

To write -> wrote;      I wrote her a letter last week

to go -> went;            He went to Italy last year

to make -> made;     They made a very nice meal two days ago

Past Simple - Irregular verbs

There are no rules for the irregular verbs, you just have to learn them by heart 

past simple: 

Je gebruikt hulpwerkwoord did bij vragen en ontkenningen.

- Vraagvorm: Did + hele werkwoord
    He painted the floor.    ->   Did he paint the floor?
    They went outside.      ->   Did they go outside?    

- Ontkennende vorm: didn't (did not) + hele werkwoord

    He painted the floor.    -> He didn't paint the floor.
    They went outside.      ->  They didn't go outside.    

 Wanneer gebruik je de past simple?          

                ezelsbruggetje

               

Waldy

When, Ago, Last ... , Days/Dates, Yesterday/Year

Fill in: You ..... very happy yesterday.

1. am
2. is
3. was
4. were

Choose the correct past simple form:
........ for his test?

1. Was he studying?
2. Did he studied?
3. Studied he?
4. Did he study?

Choose the correct Past Simple form:
I ..... him with his work.

1. didn't helped
2. didn't help
3. helped not
4. didn't helping

Choose the correct Past Simple form:
...... see that movie last night?

1. Did you see?
2. Did you seed?
3. Did you saw?
4. Saw you?

Much/Many/A lot of

Dutch variant is 'veel'

Vorm: Much/Many/A lot of + Zelfstandig nw.

Veel wijn                                         Much wine

Veel leerlingen                               Many pupils

Veel mensen                                         A lot of people

Put the verbs into the correct form (simple past):

    Last year I ........................ (to spend) my holiday in Ireland.
    It ...........................(to be) great.
    I (.............................................to travel)around by car with two friends and we ................. (to visit) lots of interesting places.
    In the evenings we usually ..................... (to go) to a pub.
    One night we even ..................... (to learn)) some Irish dances.
    We ............................. (to be) very lucky with the weather.
    It ................................ (not, to rain) a lot.
    But we .............................. (to see) some beautiful rainbows.
    Where .........................(you, to spend) your last holiday?

Gebruik "Many/Much" bij

ontkennende en vragende zinnen.

O: I haven't got much time.

V: How much money do you need?

O: I don't have many friends.

v: How many copies do you need?

Gebruik  "A lot of" of "lots of" bij

bevestigende zinnen

B: She's got a lot of work to do.

B: He's got lots of work to do.

Many bij "telbare" woorden.

Many + meervoud.

Many money

Many years

Many reasons

Many hairs

Many winebottles

Much bij "ontelbare woorden".

Much + woorden zonder meervoud.

Much dogs

Much money

much time

much hair

much wine

A few/A little

Dutch variant is 'een paar' of 'een beetje'

Vorm: a little/a few + Zelfstandig nw.

a few bij "telbare" woorden

a little bij  "ontelbare" woorden

Een beetje wijn                                   A little wine

Een paar leerlingen                               A few pupils

Few/Little

Dutch variant is 'weinig'

Vorm: little/few + Zelfstandig nw.

few bij "telbare" woorden
little bij  "ontelbare" woorden

Weinig wijn                                          Little wine

Weinig leerlingen                                Few pupils

Kun je het tellen?

many (veel)

a few (een paar)

few (weinig)

Kun je het niet tellen?

much (veel)

a little (een beetje)

little (weinig)

Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.

much / many / a lot of / a little / a few / little / few

1.The kids don’t get ........................ pocket money.

2.After my wallet was stolen I had .................... problems.

3.It’s not a lot but I have already saved ..................... money.

4.I have ................. money, so I can’t afford a new car.

5.We stayed in New York for ............................ days.

6.How ................................ carrots do you need?

7.Unfortunately, very ................... people saw the movie.

Comparisons

If you want to compare things you can often use -er, -est

• Cheap – cheaper – cheapest

• Short – shorter – shortest

This counts for all 1-syllable and some 2-syllable words

If they end in a y, the spelling changes to i

• Easy – easier – easiest

• Happy – happier – happiest

Comparisons

If the word consists of 3 syllables or more, you use 'more' and 'most'

• Beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful

• Attractive – more attractive – most attractive

Irregular comparisons

Good        better        best             goed
Bad           worse        worst           slecht, erg
Much       more          most            veel
Many        more          most           veel
Little         less            least            weinig
Little        smaller      smallest    klein
Few          fewer          fewest        weinig

EXERCISE COMPARISONS
    My house is ............................................... than yours. (big)
    This flower is .........................................  than that one. (beautiful)
    This is the ....................................  book I have ever read. (interesting)
    Non-smokers usually live ................................. than smokers. (long)
    Which is the ..................... animal in the world? (dangerous)
    A holiday by the sea is ................... than a holiday in the mountains. (good)
    It is strange but often a coke is .......................... than a beer. (expensive)
    Who is the ..............................  woman on earth? (rich)
    The weather this summer is even .................. than last summer. (bad)
    This test was .......................... than the last one. (easy)