Recap conditionals - many, much, a lotHavo 4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

H4 - P4 - Grammar Recap Part 2

Today's Lesson

You have a test about vocabulary and grammar on Friday

This lesson you will have another look at some of the grammar

Check if you understand it

Ask questions

Practise Practise Practise

ANY QUESTIONS?

If the teacher gives us lots of homework this weekend, I _______(not/be) happy.

There are 4 main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. 

If I save enough money, I will buy that house.

If I saved enough money, I would buy that house.

If I had saved enough money, I would have bought that house.

Zero conditional

Function:

General truth (scientific facts)

Real and possible situation 

Now or always

Examples: 

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

If it rains, the grass gets wet.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + present simple	present simple

The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.

Also used when giving instructions.

If you are not sure what to do, ask Pete. 

First conditional

Function:

Describes a particular situation

Possible condition and its

probable result

Examples: 

If you don't drop the gun, I will shoot!

If you drop that glass, it will break.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + present simple	will + infinitive

The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future (will +verb).

Second conditional

Function:

Unlikely or hypothetical

condition and its probable result

Examples: 

If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.

If I was the Queen of England, I would give everyone a present.

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + past simple	would + infinitive

The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

Third conditional

Function:

Impossible condition in the past 

and its probable result 

Hypothetical and unreal

Examples: 

If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam.

If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake. 

If clause (condition)	Main clause (result)
If + past perfect	would have + past participle

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret with type 3 conditional sentences.

If the students had not been late for the exam, they ________(pass).

1. will pass
2. would pass
3. would have passed
4. pass

If you ______(mix) water and electricity, you ___(get) a shock.

If the children ________(not/eat) soon, they will be grumpy.

If I wanted a new car, I ______(buy) one.

If you ______(smoke) , you __________(get) yellow fingers.

many, much, a lot of

She hasn't got _____ patience.

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

We use much and many with questions (?) and with negatives (-)

Many:

Countable nouns

(?) How many eggs are in this cake?

Much:

Uncountable nouns

(-) It doesn't need much effort. 

A lot of

Used in affirmative (+) sentences

(+) I have a lot of work to do.

(+) I have a lot of exercises to do.

Formal language: always use many/much

(+) In the opinion of many experts, society must implement important changes to combat global warming.

Summary 

Questions (?) and negatives (-) --> always use many/much

Countable nouns --> many

Uncountable nouns --> much

Affirmative (+) sentences --> use a lot of

Unless it is formal

We have ______ oranges.

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

How _____ is this? It's ten dollars.

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

He's very busy; he has _____work to do.

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

10. I didn’t write _____poems.

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

Were there ______ guests in the wedding? Yes, there were.

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

How ______ bread is he baking?

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

London has _____ beautiful buildings.

1. many
2. much
3. a lot of

Finished!

Today you practised for the test by: 

- Working with parts of the grammar for the test

- Or/and checking some vocabulary from Unit 8

Well done!