Binder retail

• Engels
• MBO
• Studiejaar 1

Wat moet worden verbeterd?

My hobby’s are: Scouting, Traveling and i like chilling with my friends.

Wat moet worden verbeterd?

Both of those are survival games because I really like those kind of games.

Wat moet worden verbeterd?

I am looking for someone who is at least nice and who also works neatly and meticulously and who occasionally has a chat with me, of course he or she has to work the same hours as me and preferably have the same interest, the same education as what I am doing now, so the Retail training level 3 and it must be a person who is about the same age as me (18 years old)

Wat moet worden verbeterd?

Further i look for someone who can work serious if they needed to but have a good sense of humor too.

Wat moet worden verbeterd?

I am a great partner to work with and will try to help u with everything in the project u have a problem with.

Wat moet worden verbeterd?

I am someone who likes to talk while working but also wants to get her work done cause I really don’t like it to be behind with my work.

Wat moet worden verbeterd?

I don’t have that much teamwork experience yet but I do have a little and from what I have learned the past years is that communication is one of the most important things in a team cause without this a work team wont be able to actually work together.

Unit 1.2 en 1.4 Reading & Listening

Strategies: 

Skimming, 

Layout, 

Vocab strategies for reading, 

Always use the context, 

Purpose; to entertain, to persuade, 

to instruct, to inform, 

numbers in English, 

scanning

Strategies

Strategy 1: listening for gist (kern)

You listen to get a general idea of the topic and the main points.

Strategy 2: listening for specific information.

You listen in order to understand specific information.

topic. Strategy 3: listening for detailed understanding

Unit 2.2 en 2.4 Reading & Listening

Strategy Skimming

If you want to get a general idea of what a text is about, you can skim it. You don’t read every word of it. You only look for things that stand out. When you skim, you:

read the title and / or heading(s);

look at the pictures and words in bold, italics or colour;

read the first and last lines of the text (or paragraph).

So: skimming means that you read a text very quickly. You don’t read every word. You can use skimming to preview a text, so you know what it’s about before you read it closely.

Strategy Scanning

If you need to find specific information, like numbers, names or dates, you can scan a text. Scanning means you look over the text quickly to find the correct information. You let your eyes glide across a text without reading to spot what you’re looking for.

Scanning is useful when you’re researching a specific topic, looking over a text with lots of facts, or trying to answer a specific question. They are also useful when you’re reading instructions. For example, if you want to know what prizes you can win with a lottery ticket.

You can use keywords to scan a text and locate the information you need:

1 Decide on a few keywords or phrases.

2 Look for only one keyword at a time.

3 Let your eyes run across the page/screen until you find the word or phrase you want.

4 When you find your keyword, read the text around it more carefully.

Background knowledge What does the text say about the topic?

Once you know what the topic of a text is, you can ask yourself:

What does the writer want me to know about this topic?’

What is the most important thing the text says about the topic?

In many texts, the writer states what they want to say about the topic in the first or final sentence of a text (or paragraph).

Background knowledge How to find the topic in a video

In a video the main topic is very often introduced in one of the first sentences. So always listen well to the first minute of a video to find out what it's about.

Another thing which can help you in finding the topic of videos on YouTube, is the description or title of the video, which you can read under the video.

Strategy Keywords

If you have to answer questions about a reading text, it helps if you read the questions first. You should also underline keywords in those questions. Keywords are the most important words. In the next example sentence the keywords are stressed:

When was the writer Jules Verne born?

If you know what to focus on while reading, this will help you to answer the questions correctly.

Background knowledge Topic sentence in a text

Most texts have one central topic. Very often the paragraphs in a text give you different information about this topic. A paragraph can give examples of the topic, but also an explanation or opinion.

The topic sentence is often the very first sentence of the paragraph, indicating to the reader what the paragraph is about.

There are also paragraphs that don’t have a topic sentence. In these cases, there are often other things that give you clues about the kind of information you can expect, like headings or pictures.

Strategy Complex words

Sometimes you come across a text which is full of complex words. Don't worry, just ask yourself the following questions:

1 Do I know what the main topic of the text is?

2 What do I already know about this topic?

3 Which words in the text do I know? What do these words mean?

4 Which of these complex words are similar to Dutch words?

Are there still some words you don't know? That’s OK – you don't have to know all the words in a text. And if you want, you can always look them up in a dictionary.

Strategy Don't panic and keep listening

When people speak fast, it can be difficult to understand what they’re saying. Stay calm and keep on listening. Focus on the overall topic and the most important words. These important words are often stressed and said more loudly.

Text organisation

Sometimes it may seem a text just sums up a lot of information. But if you look closely, a good text organises that information. Usually, texts consist of three parts:

1 introduction

This is the first part of a text. The introduction tells you what the text will be about. This helps you to decide if you want to read the full text.

2 body

This is the main part of a text. The body contains information, ideas or arguments. This is usually the largest part of a text and can have several paragraphs.

3 conclusion

This is the final part that brings the text to a logical end. A conclusion can include different things, such as a summary, an opinion or a call for action.

Text structure

Texts are usually organised in an introduction, body and conclusion. But there are more types of structures that a writer can use. Text structure means: clear paragraphs that are logically connected. If texts are not (well) structured, they are chaotic and difficult to understand. So, structure gives the text a logical order. It makes sure that the text becomes a whole, and not just a collection of sentences.

Text structure: sequence and chronology

There are different types of text structures that a writer can use. One example is sequence and chronology (volgorde van gebeurtenissen en tijd).

This structure is used to list events or steps:

steps on how to do or make something

For example: first you do this, secondly you do that, and finally/lastly you ... (= sequence)

by the order in which events happened in time

For example: in the morning this happened, then that happened, the next day something else happened (= chronology)

You can recognise a text structure by looking for signal words.

Examples of signal words often used for sequence and chronology are: ‘first(ly)’, ‘second(ly)’, ‘then’, ‘next’, ‘earlier’, ‘before’, ‘after’, ‘finally’, ‘last(ly)’.

Visual text elements

Sometimes written texts consist of more than just words: they have visual elements to support the text. You are probably so used to it, that you don’t even pay attention to these elements most of the time. However, without them some texts could be difficult to read. Visual elements can help to:

organise texts;

give an example;

support information from the text;

create a list;

give the text a clear layout.

Some examples of visual elements are numbers, bullet points and symbols, as well as blank lines. But also pictures, diagrams and illustrations are used as a visual element in a text.

Description

Another text structure writers can use is description. This structure is used to explain something: a subject, idea, person, place or thing. The writer often describes characteristics or features and gives examples.

Examples of signal words often used for description are ‘as well as’, ‘also’, ‘for example’, ‘such as’, ‘for instance’.

Comparison and contrast

Another text structure you often see is comparison and contrast. This structure is used to compare two or more items, people, events, ideas, et cetera. It tells you how these are similar to each other, or different from each other.

Signal words that are often used for this structure are, for example: ‘but’, ‘too’, ‘just like’, ‘however’, ‘similar’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘both’.

Listening; visuals

The things you see often support the things you hear, or they give extra information. In real life or in videos, you can use what you see (the visuals) to help you understand what is being said. Of course, in movies or series you can literally see what is happening (the context). If you don’t understand what someone is saying, you can still understand what they’re doing because you can see them do it, or because you notice their body language.

In other videos, like tutorials or interviews, the creator can add visual effects to support what is being said. For example:

Words and names can be used to emphasise words, to introduce people or to introduce a (new) topic. They also help you to remember the information.

Numbers and graphs are mostly used to organise the information and facts presented in the video.

Graphics, like drawings, animations and images can be used to show information, explain what is being said, or to make a video more attractive.

Listening; jokes

Sometimes people say exactly what they mean: they literally mean what they say. However, sometimes people say things that they don’t literally mean. For example when they make a joke, exaggerate or use a metaphor.

Jokes are an important part of language and culture. If you understand jokes and can even make them, it helps to get to know and understand the person you are talking to.

When someone says ‘It’s freezing outside’, and it’s -5ºC they mean this literally. When it’s actually +5ºC, they’re exaggerating and just want to express it’s very cold.

When someone says ‘Football is a war’, they don’t mean that football really is a war, with soldiers and guns and bombs, but they use it as a metaphor to say that football can be a tough fight, like a war.

Jokes, exaggerations and metaphors can be confusing when you’re listening to native speakers. While you’re listening, keep the full context in mind and listen to what is said before and after. You can also pay attention to the body language of the speaker and listener. Do they smile or laugh, do they wink or look serious? This helps you to understand if their words are meant seriously or just a joke.

Spoken Text organisation

Just like written texts, spoken texts are also organised, although a bit differently:

Informal spoken texts such as conversations between friends, some vlogs or other spontaneous situations are usually not prepared, but organised naturally. Speaking here means thinking on the spot. However, you usually start and end a conversation in a certain way, for instance by greeting someone and by saying goodbye.

The organisation of formal spoken texts such as presentations, interviews and speeches are more similar to written texts. They are prepared and therefore usually consist of three parts: an introduction, body and conclusion.

Strategy; Use your knowledge of other words

To find out the meaning of a word, you can use your knowledge of other words.

Look at the form of the word

Is it a verb (werkwoord), a noun (zelfstandig naamwoord), an adjective (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) or an adverb (bijwoord)? For example:

You don’t know what ‘the marriage’ means, but you do know that it’s a noun and you know that ‘to marry’ means trouwen. So, ‘the marriage’ means het huwelijk.

You don’t know what ‘the comfort’ means, but you do know that it’s a noun and that the word ‘comfortable’ means gemakkelijk, comfortabel. So, ‘the comfort’ means het gemak.

Use your knowledge of Dutch words

Some words in English and Dutch look and/or sound the same. They have the same origin and

therefore you can assume they mean the same. For example:

plan = plan

option = optie

theatre = theater

beer = bier

So when you use this strategy, always pay attention. Does the meaning fit, does it make sense?