Gerund Part 1

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• Leerjaar 3

Gerund

GERUND

Part 1

Unit 2

Grammar

• Present Simple ✔
• Present Continuous ✔
• Present Perfect ✔
• Present Simple Vs Present Perfect ✔
• Present Simple Vs Present Continuous ✔
• Gerund
• Auxiliary Verbs

Lesson Goals

• define gerunds
• form gerunds from different verb types
• identify a gerund in a sentence

What is a Gerund?

1. a verbal
2. infinitive + ing
3. functions as a noun 

1. A Gerund is a verbal

A word formed from a verb is called a verbal. 

Basic types of verbals: the gerund, the infinitive and the participles.

verb	gerund	infinitive	present participle	past participle
Speak	speaking	(to) speak	speaking	spoken

Gerund: Speaking was difficult.

Infinitive: I asked my mom to speak to him.

Present Participle: I heard them speaking to each other.

Past Participle: The spoken language in the region is Dutch.

Another example of a verb and its verbals

verb	gerund	infinitive	present participle	past participle
travel	travelling	(to) travel	travelling	travelled

Gerund: Travelling is fun but also expensive.

Infinitive: He decided to travel alone..

Present Participle: My cat is not a good travelling companion..

Past Participle: The traveled distance was about 20 km.

Questions?

Can you think of another verb and its verbals?
Gerund - Infinitive - Present Participle - Past Participle

2. A Gerund is formed by adding -ing to the infinitive.

Spelling Rules

1. If the verb ends in -ie: Replace -ie with -y- and add -ing.
   lie-> lying, die-> dying
2. If the verb ends in consonant+e: Remove -e and add -ing.
   take-> taking, write->writing
3. If the verb ends in single vowel + single consonant and the syllabel is stressed: Double the consonant and add -ing.
   hit-> hitting, step-> stepping
4. In most other cases, just add -ing.

Questions?

What is the gerund of the verb
swim

What is the gerund of the verb
sleep

What is the gerund of the verb
bake

2. A Gerund functions as a noun

Can you replace the -ing word with "it"?

Yes? It's a Gerund.

No? It's a Present Participle.

For example:

I love hiking. I love it.  ✔ GERUND

It's a very interesting story. It's a very it story. X Present Participle.

You MUST be able to replace the gerund with "it" in your sentence.

Knitting is not my thing. - It is not my thing.

Questions?

Staring is not polite.
In the sentence above, "Staring" is

1. a gerund
2. a present participle

I love swimming.
In the sentence above, "Swimming" is

1. a gerund
2. a present participle

It was an exhausting experience.
In the sentence above, "exhausting" is

1. a gerund
2. a present participle

She is baking a cake.
In the sentence above, "baking" is

1. a gerund
2. a present participle

A gerund functions as a noun in the sentence. 

l. Gerund as subject
Skydiving is an extreme sport.

2. Gerund as direct object

I don't like camping. 

3. Gerund as object of preposition

You got good grades because of studying.

4. Etc.

You MUST be able to replace the gerund with "it" in your sentence.

I love swimming! - I love it!

Questions?

Can I...

• define gerunds?
  What is a gerund?
• form gerunds from different verb types?
  Make the gerunds of the verbs sleep-study-listen-trim
• identify a gerund in a sentence?
  Snorkeling is an interesting hobby.

I understand the gerund.

😒🙁😐🙂😃

Next time:

• Gerund Phrases
• Verbs followed by gerund, infinitive or both