English NPO - writing & grammar - wk 48

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Today's class

Irregular verbs

Past tenses:

 Past Simple/Present Perfect/Past Continuous/Used to/

Past Perfect

Adjectives & Adverbs

(Writing)

Today's class

Past tenses (and irregular verbs):

• Past Simple (2nd form/ verb + ed)
• Used to + verb / didn't used to + verb
• Present Perfect (has/have + 3rd form; has/have + verb +ed)
• Past Continuous (was/were + verb + ing)
•  Past Perfect (had + 3rd form; had + verb + ed)

Adjective + adverbs

Irregular verbs - 1st/2nd/3rd

1. Zich terug trekken (army)
2. Opkomen (zon)
3. Huilen (w...)
4. Zoeken (not search)
5. Staan
6. Zweren/vloeken
7. Ontstaan (probleem)

Adverb

Form: adjective + -LY (+ exceptions -> study SB p. 65)

Says something about:

1. The entire sentence (Finally, they met.)
2. An adjective (The really great event)
3. Another adverb (He drove extremely fast)
4. A verb (The dog listens well)

Adverb

Spelling of adverbs

adjective + LY

adjectives ending in 

• LE -> LY (terrible -> terribly)
• IC -> ICALLY (basic -> basically)
• FUL -> FULLY (careful -> carefully; beautiful -> beautifully)
• Y -> ILY (easy -> easily; happy -> happily)

Adjective

Says something about a noun:

The green door; the hard work; the fast car

Adjectives vs Adverbs - SB p. 65-69

• The red car -> the adjective modifies the noun (bnw. zegt iets over het zelfst. nmw.)

• The completely red car -> the adverb modifies the adjective (bw. zegt iets over het bnw.)

• Fortunately, she drives the completely red car really well. (bw zegt iets over de hele zin; zegt iets over hoe je iets doet/over het werkwoord)

Comparisons - SB p. 68-69

• Adjective 1-syllable word - er/est (bigger than; the tallest)

• Adjective (> or =) 3-syllable words - more/most (more beautiful than; the most beautiful)

• Adjective 2-syllable words - er/est or more/most (SB p. 68)

• Adverbs (ending in -LY) - more/most (She danced more beautifully than he did.)

• Irregular adverbs (good/better/best; bad/worse/worst; few/fewer/fewest; little/less/least etc.)

Comparative + Superlative forms of  adjectives

• Adjective 1-syllable word - er/est (bigger than; the tallest)

• Adjective (> or =) 3-syllable words - more/most (more beautiful than; the most beautiful)

• Adjective 2-syllable words - er/est or more/most (SB p. 68)

• Adjectives with 2 syllables ending with:  -er/ -ow/ -le AND the adjectives common, cruel, handsome, pleasant, quiet, stupid, sure -> TWO comparative forms: with er/est and with more/most

Forms of comparisons:

• better THAN; more powerful THAN
• AS good AS; not as good as
• THE best; THE MOST wonderful gift

Using comparative + superlative forms of adjectives

• He is BETTER at mathematics THAN she is. -> THAN + comparative form

• He is AS GOOD at mathematics AS his brother is -> AS ...AS + adjective form

• He is NOT AS GOOD at mathematics AS his friend is -> NOT AS ... AS + adjective form
  

• She is THE BEST -> THE + superlative form

• THE HARDER she works, THE BETTER her grades become -> THE + comparative form, THE + comparative form

• The child started crying HARDER AND HARDER -> comparative form + AND + comparative form

Comparative & Superlative forms of adverbs 

• Adverbs (ending in -LY) 

     -> comparative(vergelijkende trap) =  more; 

     -> superlative (overtreffende trap) = most  
        

        for example:
         She dances more beautifully than he does, but her sister dances the most beautifully. 

          She talks more loudly than they do, however he talks the most loudly

         

• Irregular adverbs (good/better/best; bad/worse/worst; few/fewer/fewest; little/less/least; fast/faster/fastest;  etc.)

NOTE

little/less/least (non-countable - milk/gold/love/hate - material/abstract)

few/fewer/fewest (countable - chair/spoon/people - plurals)

much/more/most (non-countable) -> non-countable = abstract nouns (love/hate/attention etc.) + materials (wood, water, milk)

many/more/most (countable) -> countable = nouns that can be put into a plural form

late/later/last (de laatste qua binnenkomst)

late/later/latest (de nieuwste)

the late Mr. Steve Jobs = wijlen

old/older/oldest

old/elder/eldest (familierelaties)

far/farther-further/farthest-furthest

far/further -> aanvullende (further details; further inquiry)

Adjectives with number

• The fifty-pound note
• I have a note of fifty pounds.

• The 80-year-old grandmother.
• The grandmother who is 80 years old

• The 13-year-old girl
• The girl who is thirteen years old

Little Red Riding Hood

Write your own 10-line fairy tale on

Ms Daredevil Riding Hood.

You may write the original version,

or your own version.

Use the Past tenses in Unit 2 (Past Simple/Continuous; Present Perfect and Past Perfect) AND  irregular verbs AND adjectives/adverbs