3A 4.6 Safe sex

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Reproduction

•  Safe sex

 Learning objectives 

• You can name how you can guard and respect your wishes and boundaries in a sexual relationship
  
• You can name some STIs and explain how you can prevent them
  
• You can name some birth control methods and explain how they work

Wishes and boundaries

Tell what you want and don't want

Respect each other's boundaries --> boundaries differ per person

Let's read together 

Is er toestemming? (wederzijds)	Als we het allebei goed en prettig vinden, dan is het ok
Sprake van vrijwilligheid?	Ik doe het alleen omdat ik het zelf wil
Sprake van gelijkwaardigheid?	Seksueel contact met iemand die veel ouder, sterker of slimmer of juist niet is, is niet ok
Past het bij de leeftijd en ontwikkeling?	Ik doe geen dingen waar ik te oud of te jong voor ben.
Past het bij de context?	Ik hou rekening met anderen en mijn omgeving.
Is er sprake van zelfrespect?	Ik denk na over de schadelijke gevolgen van mijn gedrag voor mezelf.

1 x nee = grensoverschrijdend gedrag!

Hoe bepaal je de grens?

STIs

STIs stands for sexually transmitted diseases.

During sexual intercourse, you can transmit bacteria, fungi or viruses that cause diseases.

You can become infected during oral sex or other contact

with the vagina, penis or anus.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is an STI ->

Bacteria in the mucous membranes.

This STI is easy to treat.

If you don't get it treated, it can lead to infertility (very small chance).

You can transmit this STD during unsafe sex.

HPV (human papillomavirus)

HPV is a virus that is transmitted through sexual contact and can cause cervical cancer.

Vaccination against HPV reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer, anal cancer and throat cancer.

Boys are also vaccinated against

HPV.

What is AIDS?

Aids is a disease caused by the aids virus (hiv). As soon as you are infected, you are seropositive. It takes a while before you experience symptoms.

If you are seropositive, you can receive

HIV inhibitors. You will not be cured,

but you will not develop symptoms. 

However if the amount of HIV in your body 

is low enough, you also cannot infect other 

people

STIs

You CANNOT get an STI from a dirty

toilet 

or by drinking from someone else's glass.

The only way to protect yourself from

STIs is to use a condom or

damage.

What should you do if you have an STI?

You often only notice late that you have an STI.

Suffering from symptoms? --> get an STD test done by the doctor.

Herpes and HIV cannot be cured, you remain a carrier.

STI Test

An STD test is used to check whether you have an STI. If you are under 25, you can have an STI test done for free. This can be done at your GP or at the GGD.

Tens of thousands of young people have such a test done every year.

Depending on the type of unsafe sex, different types of tests are done; urine test (men), smear (women), throat or anus swab. Sometimes a blood test is necessary.

Contraception

Unreliable methods:

Periodic abstinence

Coitus interruptus

• Birth control / Anticonception
  
•  Anti = against Conception = fertilization

Unreliable Methods: Periodic Abstinence

In this method, the man and woman do not have intercourse around the fertile period.

This method is unreliable,

because you can never determine exactly

when ovulation (ovulation)

takes place.

Unreliable methods: periodic abstinence

Ways to determine when ovulation occurs:

Keep a calendar if you have a regular menstrual cycle, so that you can calculate the day of ovulation.

Take your temperature; after ovulation, body temperature is on average 0.3 degrees Celsius higher until the next menstruation.

Vaginal discharge; in many women, discharge becomes more transparent and elastic after ovulation. There is often more discharge.

Unreliable methods: coitus interruptus

In this, the man withdraws his penis from the vagina when he feels his organism approaching. Ejaculation then takes place outside the vagina.

This method is unreliable,

because pre-ejaculation fluid can also contain sperm cells.

Contraceptive methods

Reliable methods against pregnancy

Pill (does NOT work against sexually transmitted diseases)

Condom --> male condom, female condom

 Condom

- A condom is a thin rubber sheath.

- Condoms are easy, cheap and reliable.

- Disadvantage: sex has to be interrupted.

- Advantage: condom also protects against STDs.

- Use a condom only once

Condoom

• Easy to buy, either in a store or online
• 98% effective (if used correctly)
• Catches sperm
• Can only be used once
• Always check expiration date
• Never put two condoms over each other, this will actually decrease effectiveness. Allows for easier tearing of the condom.

The pill

The hormones ensure that no egg will mature and be released.

They also ensure that the mucus in the cervix is ​​more difficult for sperm to pass through.

Furthermore, hormones ensure that

the uterine lining is not built up --> no implantation possible.

Can experience a lot of side effects

The pill must be taken daily for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week off implantation possible.

The female condom

What can you do in an emergency?

For women who want to 'terminate' a pregnancy (for whatever reason):

A morning-after pill within 72 hours of sex. Depending on your weight, some brands might work less effective.

An abortion up to 24 weeks

Wat kun je doen bij een noodgeval?

• Morning-afterpil: als deze pil binnen 72 uur ingenomen wordt, voorkomt het innestelen van de bevruchte eicel.
• Abortuspil: het ingenestelde embryo wordt afgestoten. Tot 9 weken na bevruchting. 
• Zuigcurretage: embryo wordt 

     weggezogen. Tot 13 weken. 

• Abortus: Foetus operatief verwijderen. 

     13 tot 24 weken. 

Condoms: Bringing it up and putting it on

https://sense.info/nl/condoom-pil-en-meer/condooms/instructie-condoom-omdoen

Putting on a condom