1: Early Middle Ages

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Lesson 1

Pages 2-6

The Early Middle Ages

450-1066

The Early Middle Ages (page 2)

• 55 BC - 450 AD = Roman Rule
• 450-1066 = Early Middle Ages / Dark Ages =  Anglo-Saxon society

BC? AD?

BC staat voor before Christ (voor Christus) en wordt dus gebruikt voor jaartallen vóór het begin van de christelijke jaartelling. 

AD is een afkorting van het Latijnse Anno Domini, wat zoveel betekent als ‘in het jaar’. Deze afkorting wordt alleen gebruikt voor jaartallen ná Christus, dus vanaf een jaar na het begin van onze jaartelling: het jaar 1.

When was most of England under Roman rule?

1. from 55 AD to 450 AD
2. from 450 BC to 55 AD
3. from 55 BC to 450 AD
4. from 450 BC to 55 BC

>450 AD:

Migration of the Peoples

Angla-land -> England

Anglo-Saxon society (page 2)

• several kingdoms
• frequent wars: loyalty to the king!
• great hall / mead hall 
• heathen/pagan
• farmers 

Anglo-Saxons:

• Kings were surrounded  by young warriors and   rewarded them for their loyalty

• Central meeting point: Mead hall, to eat, drink and listen to stories and poems.

Sutton Hoo (page 3)

• burial site of a 7th century Anglo-Saxon king
• discovered in 1939
• Anglo-Saxon = sophisticated society 
• gradual transition paganism to Christianity

The Celts were chased to ... by the Germanic tribes

1. Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
2. Cornwall and Scotland
3. Scotland and Ireland
4. Wales, Cornwall and Scotland

Anglo-Saxon leaders had their parties in:

1. Feed halls
2. Mead halls
3. Free halls
4. Pub

Which of the following groups did not invade England in the Old English period?

1. Saxons
2. Jutes
3. Franks
4. Angles

Pagan =

1. bladzijde uit een oud-Engels manuscript
2. Heidens
3. Oud-Engelse clowntje
4. De helm.

Old English means

1. the language spoken in Shakespeare's time
2. all English before 1900
3. the same as Anglo- Saxon
4. the English of the Middle Ages

True or false? "The Anglo-Saxons that came to Britannia were Christians."

1. True
2. False

Christianity (pages 2+3)

• 7th century onwards
• missionaries sent by pope to convert the heathens. 
• monasteries + Latin literature (illuminated) 
• Bede + Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum
• Old English was also written down (Beowulf)
• Anglo Saxon Chronicle

chronicle

annual records of contemporary events

= jaarlijks verslag van gebeurtenissen van dat jaar

Latin literature by Christian monks:

illuminated manuscripts

Vikings (pages 3+4)

• 793 Lindisfarne: first recorded Viking attack (Netflix-Vikings!)
• prime target: monasteries
• gradually started settling
• King Alfred + Danelaw

King Alfred of Wessex (pag s4)

• aka Alfred the Great
• 878 defeated the Danes
• peace treaty: Danelaw
  
• fortifications along border
• fleet of ships (start of English navy)
• promoted literacy + education
• translation of Latin texts into Old English

The part of northern and eastern England occupied by Danes from the late 9th century until after the Norman Conquest is know as:

King Alfred was an important King. What was he not remembered for?

1. promoted education
2. defeated the Anglo-Saxon Army
3. defeated the Danes
4. built fleets of ships

Beda/Bede Venerabilis (page 5)

Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (731):  history book

• One of the only written sources about the history of England and the only written source about the early history of Ireland and Wales
• combination of politics, history and religion
• primarily about the history of the Anglo-Saxon church
• but also about the first inhabitants of the British Isles,  the Roman period and conflicts between monarchy and church and among various kings. 

Homework

1. Do the next two vocabulary exercises (this will help you understand pages 2-5)
2. Read pages 2-5.
3. Make the time-line (also explained in this lesson-up)

voor zich zelf zorgen

terugtrekken

geteisterd door

bedreigen

tijdperk

to threaten

to withdraw

to fend for

beset by

era

oprichten

overvallers

de boventoon voeren

plunderen

bekeren

pillage

raiders

to establish

to hold sway

to convert

Make a time-line of the events mentioned on pages 2-5

Homework: 

• 55 BC - 450 AD: 
  
• > 450 
  
• > 600 
  
• 731
  
• 793 
  
• >800 
  
• 871-800
  
• 1066 
  

• 55 BC - 450 AD: Roman occupation
• > 450 invasions by Celts (Scotland, ireland), Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians = start of Anglo-Saxon society
• > 600 (7th century) Christianity
• 731 Historia Ecclesiasica Gentis Anglorum
• 793 Lindisfarne 
• >800 (9th century) chronicles + Viking raids
• 871-800 Rule of Alfred of Wessex
• 1066 Battle of Hastings

EXTRA

en.wikipedia.org