conditionals

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

The goal of today's lesson:

• to know the difference between different sentences with 'if.....'
• to be able to use these sentences in different situations

'If' statements - 4 kinds:

• 0: facts - If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.
• 1: real or likely situations - If a soldier kills the ogre, he will be named champion.
• 2: unlikely or hypothetical situations - If I won the lottery, I would go travelling around the world.
• 3: situations that cannot be changed - If I had studied for the test, I would have passed. (But I didn't study, so I didn't pass.) 

Fact: If + present simple = > present simple

condition: If + present simple (If I win)

result: present simple
(don't eat)

Facts:   0 conditional

If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

If you _______ (press) the button, the light ________ (come) on.
The missing words are:

Real/likely situation: If + present simple => will

"If you go outside in the rain, you will get wet!"

Real / likely situations: 1st conditional

condition: if + present simple (If I tell)

result: will + verb (I will get)

If she _______ (not, hurry), we ________ (miss) the train.
The missing words are:

Unlikely situation: If + past simple = > would

Unreal / unlikely situations: 2nd conditional

condition: if + past simple (If I did)

result: would + verb (would I be)

"If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car!"

If I _________ (win) a million euros, I __________ (buy) a million bags of crisps.
The missing words are:

Careful: 2nd conditional 

Noteworthy exception

The form 'to be' in becomes 'were' not 'was' when giving advice

"If I were you, I would talk to a teacher."

Giving advice / imagining situations:

If I were you, I would study harder.

If I were a boy (even just for one day), I would roll out of bed in the morning.......... (Beyonce)

If I were a rich man, I would live a life of luxury.

Situations that you cannot change anymore: 

If + past perfect => would + present perfect

Situations cannot be changed / past : 3rd conditional

condition: if + past perfect (If I hadn't been caught)

result: would + present perfect (I would have gotten)

"I would have left sooner if I had known."

I ______________ (not go) to see that film if I had known how bad it was!

1. wouldn't go
2. won't go
3. wouldn't have gone
4. am not going

I’d definitely ask her for an autograph if I __________ (see) Shakira in the supermarket!

1. saw
2. had seen
3. would see
4. see

She’ll meet us later if she __________ (not have) to work.

1. won't have
2. doesn't have
3. wouldn't have
4. didn't have

If I saw a UFO, I ___________ (take) a photo!

1. take
2. took
3. would take
4. would have taken

Summary

• 0 conditional: facts : If water reaches a 100 degrees, it boils.
• 1 cond.: real, likely situations : I will catch the bus if I run.
• 2 cond.: unreal, unlikely situations : If I were President, I would stop the war.
• 3 cond.: for situations that cannot be changed anymore, in past : He would have told them sooner if he had known they would be so happy.