English 6 - Chapter 15

• English
• Primary Education
• Age 6

The parents ate the cake, and the children ate the cookies. (S-TV-DO)

2. This famous bridge was built over the Rhône River. (S-V)

Parts of Speech

Chapter 15 - Lesson 141

The beautiful boat with a colorful 

sail glided under the bridge. 

1. nouns

2. pronouns

3. verbs

4. adjectives

5. adverbs

6. prepositions

7. conjunctions

8. interjections

The Eight Parts of Speech

Some examples, please! 

Do you still remember what each of these parts of speech means? Let's see!

Which part of speech names a person, place, thing, idea, or feeling? (plural form)

Which part of speech takes the place of a noun? (plural form)

Which part of speech is the main word in the predicate of a sentence and tells what the subject is or does? (plural form)

Which part of speech modifies or describes a noun and tells what kind or how many? (plural form)

Which part of speech describes a verb, an adjective, or an adverb and often ends in –ly? plural form)

Which part of speech usually comes before a noun or pronoun and shows the relationship between the noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence? (plural form)

Which part of speech joins words, phrases, or simple sentences? (plural form)

Which part of speech shows strong feelings and can stand alone before or after a sentence? (plural form)

pronouns

adjectives

verbs

nouns

prepositions

they

drove

across

the

lake

for

endless

hours

its

notify

Prepositional Phrases

Chapter 15 - Lesson 142

• Prepositional Phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun
  
  
• Object of the Preposition (OP) is the noun or pronoun being acted on, referenced, or affected by the preposition.
  
  
• To find the object of the preposition, say the preposition, and ask the question "what" or "whom"

Prepositional Phrases

Identify and type the complete prepositional phrase:

Many examples of stone arch bridges still stand.

Identify and type the complete prepositional phrase:

It takes forty minutes to drive around the village.

Identify and type the complete prepositional phrase:

On Saturday, we attend discipleship classes.

Time to diagram!

1. Some priests in France built the beautiful port. (S-TV-DO)

Appositives

Chapter 15 - Lesson 143

• An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames or gives more information about a noun
  
  
• It immedatiately comes after the noun and is separated from the main sentence using commas
  
  examples:
  The Romans, the inventors of concrete, were masters of the craft.
  
  Tim, an excellent athlete, was given a few awards during the event.
  
  We honor the memory of Paul Revere, a Revolutionary War Hero.

What are appositives?

1. That vegetarian meal the one with tofu meat tastes good.
   
   
   
2. The watch the one on my desk is an heirloom.
   
   
   
3. Last night, we watched that program the one about wild animals.
   
   
   
4. James our class president is proposing sweeping changes.

Let's try correctly adding commas!

1. Steel is a strong and durable material. It is used in most modern bridges.
   
   
   
   
   
   
2. Piers are the supports under a bridge. Piers hold the bridge up.

Now, let's try combining sentences.

Choose the sentence with a correctly punctuated appositive phrase.

1. My eldest, uncle David, is going to get me an internship in his factory.
2. James and Anne, our next neighbors are leaving to Paris for vacation.
3. They took the English literature class Shakespeare’s plays, during the summer.
4. The hardworking employee, Mr. Gibson, is in the break room.

Compound Subjects & Predicates

Chapter 15 - Lesson 144

compound subject 

two or more simple subjects in one sentence that share the same predicate

Example:
Rob and his friend developed an innovative application.

Heavy stones and increased traffic caused huge problems.

compound predicate 

two or more simple predicates that share the same subject 

Example:
The bridge fell down and sank into the deep river.

People laughed at the idea but later changed their minds.

Combining sentences

1. Tacos would taste good at our party. Pizza would taste good at our party.

2. We must write the invitations. We must mail the invitations.

3. Shane swung hard. Shane missed the baseball.

Combine these sentences to create one sentence with either a compound subject, predicate, or both:

An angry moose will charge you. It could kick you, too.

Combine these sentences to create one sentence with either a compound subject, predicate, or both:

Moose eat foliage. Beavers eat foliage.

Sentences may contain both a compound subject and a compound predicate. 
Let's see how we diagram them:

compound subject

compound predicate

compound subject & predicate

Let's get to diagramming!

Rachel and Steffi read the same book. (S-TV-DO)

Let's get to diagramming!

Dolphins are swimming and splashing near our dock. (S-V)

Let's get to diagramming!

Sam and Clarence are talking and eating at the same time. (S-V)

the

boys

and

girls

ran

towards

the

playground

the

stick

hit

and

knocked

a

hole

in

the

pinata

Beth

and

Sam

love

books

and

read

all

the

time

Compound Sentences

Chapter 15 - Lesson 145

simple sentence

 a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought

Example:
The train arrived late for the first time in years.

Mary and Maggie took the bus. 

compound sentence 

contains two or more simple sentences; can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon

Example:
James grilled burgers, and Patrick made a salad.

It was raining cats and dogs; the kids still played outside.

Choose the correct way to punctuate the capitalized words.

Ms. Dell is my favorite CHARACTER AND Ms. Peazle is Joan's.

1. character, and
2. character. And
3. correct as is

Choose the correct way to punctuate the capitalized words.

Ms. Dell is HONEST AND gives good advice.

1. character, and
2. character. And
3. correct as is

Choose the correct way to punctuate the capitalized words.

Margaret needs to learn the TRUTH, OR she will always have the wrong idea.

1. truth; and
2. truth. Or
3. correct as is

Choose the correct way to punctuate the capitalized words.

She can speak with CALLY OR, she can text her.

1. Cally or
2. Cally, or
3. correct as is

1. Please remember our meeting on Monday night.

2. She is innocent, so she has appealed to the court.

3. In the evening, I am going to the park.

4.  My brother does not watch animated movies

5. She is not feeling well, yet she decided to go to work.

____

____

____

____

____

S

S

S

C

C

Let's try combining these simple sentences into compound sentences:

1. Margaret's poem is long. It is not complicated.

2. The poem mentions Margaret's mother. It quotes advice from Ms. Dell.

3. The students were silent. Ms. Perez knew what to write.

Let's see how we diagram compound sentences:

Let's get to diagramming!

 She felt unwell, yet she went to work. (S-LV-PA | S-V)

Complex Sentences

Chapter 15 - Lesson 146-147

• An independent clause has a subject and a predicate. It expressed a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
            Example:  He cut the apple in half.
  
  
• A dependent clause has a subject and a predicate, but it also has an introductory word called a subordinating conjunction that makes it an incomplete thought.
  

               Example:  because it was too big for the baby

• A sentence that has an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses is a complex sentence. If the dependent clause comes at the beginning of a complex sentence, it is followed by a comma.

Components of Complex Sentences

1. If you study for the test, you will do much better.
   
   
2. Once the play started, we were not allowed to talk.
   
   
3. We won't be able to play unless the rain stops by noon.
   
   
4. Rex practiced his guitar until he could play the song perfectly.
   
   
5. We played games while the adults sat and talked.

Identify the subordinating conjunctions, and underline the independent clause.

_________ we were all so tired, we decided to go home early.

1. After
2. Whenever
3. Because
4. If

The children took pictures ______ the monkeys swung from the trees.

1. if
2. while
3. after
4. unless

Complete the complex sentence by adding a dependent clause (make sure it starts with a subordinating conjunction)

We will be going to camp __________________

Complete the complex sentence by adding a dependent clause (make sure it starts with a subordinating conjunction)

__________________, I froze like a statue.

Complete the complex sentence by adding a dependent clause (make sure it starts with a subordinating conjunction)

__________________, the teacher wrote their homework on the board.

Sentence Errors

Chapter 15 - Lesson 148

• A complete sentence expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and a predicate. 
            Example:  Manila Bay is located in Pasay City.
  
  
• A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.
            Example: A boy in Manila.
  
  
• A run-on sentence incorrectly joins two complete sentences with only a comma with no punctuation. It can be corrected by writing it as two separate sentences, as a complex sentence, or as a compound sentence.

           Example:  Raffi sings upbeat children's songs he is an excellent musician.
                            Raffi sings upbeat children's songs; he is an excellent musician.

• A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause positioned so that it modifies the wrong word in a sentence. It affects the meaning of the sentence. Correct a misplaced modifier by placing close to the word it modifies.
             Example: We glued together the vase we broke quietly. 
                             We quietly glued together the vase we broke.

Sentence Errors

1.  Helen cooked dinner therefore Ralph will wash the dishes.
   
   
   
   
2.  Mary came home from work early we worked hard on our project.
   
   
   
   
3. I will watch The Office you do your homework.
   
   
   
   
4.  I was too tired to go to the store the guys shopped for three hours. 

Let's try to fix these erroneous sentences.

Egypt is one of the most ancient countries it's famous for its pyramids.

1. This is a correct sentence.
2. This sentence is a run-on sentence.
3. It's a sentence fragment.

Cairo is the capital of Egypt it is also the largest city in Africa, and the Middle East.

1. This is a correct sentence.
2. This sentence is a run-on sentence.
3. It's a sentence fragment.

Egypt's influence in the region has been gradually changing; Saudi Arabia, an oil-rich county, is now the domineering force.

1. This is a correct sentence.
2. This sentence is a run-on sentence.
3. It's a sentence fragment.

Choose the CORRECTLY written sentence.

1. Two engineers came up with a design for the new bridge.
2. Two engineers. Came up with a design for the new bridge.

Choose the CORRECTLY written sentence.

1. Builders completed the famous Firth of Forth Bridge in 1890. After eight years of construction.
2. Builders completed the famous Firth of Forth Bridge in 1890 after eight years of construction.