6.3 Development of new cities

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6.3 Development of new cities

A typical medieval cog (type of ship)

Which two types of power were given by God according to the church?

1. Secular and political
2. Political and spiritual
3. Spiritual and secular
4. Spiritual and religious

What was the main point of conflict between the pope and the emperors?

The Italian city of Genoa was one of the few early medieval European cities

Italian city of Venice (Venetië)

Most people in Europe lived on domains/ small villages

In the Early Middle Ages the population of Rome declined from 1.000.000 to 20.000 around the year 700 AD. That means that the population declined around 98%.

London and Paris had even less than 20.000 inhabitants.

More food

1. Read 'Increased food production' (TB 134)

2. Write down on paper three ways to increase food production 

Increased food production

• After 1000 AD food production increased because:

1.  Make more land for farming for example: cutting down trees
2. Three-field system= switching between Fallow land, summer grain and winter grain.
3. The invention of  the heavy plough.

Agricultural surplus       Cause and effect

Inventions

Use of the three-field system

Inventions like heavy plough

Agriculture

Better farming would yield more crops 

Food

Agricultural surplus > not everyone had to be a farmer. Some people became craftsmen

Cities

Craftsman wouldn't live in farms > sold their goods in markets > around those markets would build cities

Urbanisation

• =People move from the countryside to towns and cities.

Specialisation

• In cities people specialised in a craft.
• Such as: blacksmiths, shoemakers, bakers and carpenters.
• Craftsmen with the same craft joined together in guilds. 

Every city had a bakers guild

The tailors guild

The cloth guild

The bakers' guild

Guilds

• Organised the training of new craftsmen.
• Regulated working hours, prices and the quality of products.
• Helped each other when someone was ill or died. 

www.canonvannederland.nl

Hanseatic League

• =Powerful network of trading cities.
• Baltic, German, Danish and Dutch cities. 
• Trade played a large role in the Late Middle Ages.

6.3 Development of new cities

During the Late Middle Ages more and more cities developed and they started trading with eachother.

A typical medieval cog (type of ship)

Read the source

“We wish to let all people from Hamburg know that we have made an agreement with our friends, the citizens of Lübeck. The new silver coins which are now being minted in our city, and likewise in Lübeck, should weigh thirty-nine grams less than two silver coins to the mark. To make sure the new coins will last, the silver shall be mixed with half an ounce of copper.

Our friends from Lübeck have equally agreed that they will not mint any other new silver coins except these. We have agreed that we will not mint any other new silver coins without their consent. If it should happen that both our landlords, the Counts, should die, the citizens of Lübeck shall not hold us under suspicion.

To make sure that this agreement between us and the citizens of Lübeck may not be changed or broken, we have presented the citizens of Lübeck with this charter.”

Explain in your own words what was agreed between the cities of Lübeck and Hamburg.

How did the citizens of Lübeck and Hamburg both profit from this agreement?

The rise of cities (source 6.25)

Three field system (6.23) + heavy plough

= Suitable for growing crops

1: 3rd

2: Egypt

3: Desert

4: Hermits

5: Monasteries

6: Temptations