Public speaking TH3B November 2021

• Engels
• Voortgezet speciaal onderwijs
• Leerroute 3

TH3B

8 November 2021

Planning until Christmas:

Test week

Unit 3 

Public Speaking 

(Test discussion once everyone has taken it)

Make a mindmap about public speaking - according to you, what makes a good speech, what makes a good performance? (those are two separate things)

Public Speaking

What makes a great speech according to this clip? (consider playing it at 0.75)

Public Speaking

Read the following

Public speaking has been used as a vital means of communication throughout history. We all know gifted speakers like Winston Churchill and Martin Luther King, whose speeches - for example, "We shall fight on the beaches" (1940) and "I have a dream" (1963) -  are still widely read and analysed today.  Each generation has its gifted and famous speakers but did you know that  you can perform one yourself as well? A public speech is nothing else but a public way of expressing your views  to an audience. You see them all around you -  you can hardly turn on the evening news without seeing and hearing a public speech being performed by, for example, young activists like Greta Thunberg or Malala Yousafzai or by politicians like Kamala Harris (Democratic vice presidential nominee for the 2020 presidential election), Donald Trump or  Ursula von der Leyen (president of the European Commission).  Even if you think you will not be in a profession where you perform a public speech, still it is a perfect  way to prepare yourself for future presentations, argumentative essays and conversations or debates in which you want to express your views supported by good arguments.

Public speaking has been used as a vital means of communication throughout history. We all know gifted speakers like Winston Churchill and Martin Luther King, whose speeches - for example, "We shall fight on the beaches" (1940) and "I have a dream" (1963) - are still widely read and analysed today. Each generation has its gifted and famous speakers but did you know that you can perform one yourself as well? A public speech is nothing more but a public way of expressing your views to an audience. You see them all around you - you can hardly turn on the evening news without seeing and hearing a public speech being performed by, for example, young activists like Greta Thunberg or Malala Yousafzai or by politicians like Kamala Harris (Democratic vice presidential nominee for the 2020 presidential election), Donald Trump or Ursula von der Leyen (president of the European Commission). Even if you think you will not be in a profession where you might have to perform a public speech at one point, practising the skill of public speaking is still a perfect way to prepare yourself for future presentations, argumentative essays and conversations or debates in which you want to express your views supported by good arguments. The more you practise this, the better and more confident you will become.

Read the following

Public speaking has been used as a vital means of communication throughout history. We all know gifted speakers like Winston Churchill and Martin Luther King, whose speeches - for example, "We shall fight on the beaches" (1940) and "I have a dream" (1963) -  are still widely read and analysed today.  Each generation has its gifted and famous speakers but did you know that  you can perform one yourself as well? A public speech is nothing else but a public way of expressing your views  to an audience. You see them all around you -  you can hardly turn on the evening news without seeing and hearing a public speech being performed by, for example, young activists like Greta Thunberg or Malala Yousafzai or by politicians like Kamala Harris (Democratic vice presidential nominee for the 2020 presidential election), Donald Trump or  Ursula von der Leyen (president of the European Commission).  Even if you think you will not be in a profession where you perform a public speech, still it is a perfect  way to prepare yourself for future presentations, argumentative essays and conversations or debates in which you want to express your views supported by good arguments.

- Vital means of communication

- Winston C We Shall Fight on the beaches 1940 - MLK 1963 

- Gifted & famous - everyone can 

-  Public speech - express view - audience 

- Greta Thurnberg/Malala Yousafzai/Kamala Harris/D. Trump/Ursula von der Leyen

- no profession -> future pres, arg essays, convers, debates 

- views ->  arguments 

- practice -> confidence -> better

Persuasive language

You are going to perform a persuasive speech - your aim is to persuade. Apart from making a speech interesting by using body language and hand gestures, you can also play with language. For example, you can use imagery or figurative language or play with sound by using alliteration. In order to be persuasive you can also make use of persuasive language by using:  

Facts and figures	Quotes (ideally from experts, but famous figures will suffice)
Rhetorical questions	Emotions
Repetition	Anecdotes
Flattery	Personal pronouns - I, we, our, your
Humour	Figures of speech such as metaphors, personifications, hyperboles

More information about persuasive language can be found later on in this presentation

Examples of facts and figures

• 73% of murders in USA are by gun, compared to 3% in the UK
  
• Scientists can tell the next day if an area has a coronavirus outbreak by studying sewage samples
  
• Cats sleep for 66% of their lives
  
• 350 elephants have been found dead this year in Botswana
  
• More people are born in August than any other month
  
• In July 2020, fires in the Amazon are at an all time high
  
• By 2100, UK could get 40C days every summer
  
• Coronavirus causes lung scarring
  
• 11% of people are left handed
  
• The Hawaiian alphabet only has 13 letters
  
• 85% of plants live in the ocean
  

Task

Watch the clip on the next slide. Write down in your notebook what the student does well.

What you could/should have written down

• She gains the attention of the audience at the start with an extended example
• This example also appeals to the audience's emotion, which makes it extra strong (pathos)
• She relates her topic to her classmates at a personal level
• She establishes credibility by mentioning she has worked as a volunteer for the Special Olympics herself 
• She makes the aim of her speech very clear
• She provides facts and statistics which support her arguments
• She uses transitional phrases like 'We'll start by' and 'Now you know' 
• She discusses different options for volunteering
• Her arguments about the benefits of her plan are strong and well-supported
• Not only is she sincere in her content but also her voice and performance
• She includes a call for action at the start to make sure her audience feels addressed when she uses 'you' and 'your.'
• She has the right pace, plays with pauses, intonation and her facial expression.  

Gestures and body language

When we speak, we often use body language to subtly convey messages..

Gestures such as clenched fists can convey power, determination or anger.

Open palms and arms indicate acceptance and being honest.

Counting on your fingers conveys organisation, and so on.

Gestures and body language can help you support your points, draw and keep the attention and help you convey your passion and enthusiasm. 

Watch one of the videos on the right.

 

Write down in your notebook what Obama or Rihanna does using his /her body language, facial expressions, and gestures.

Explain why you think he or she does that. 

https:

Last year

A Story That Moved Me

This year

Imagine that ...

Planning

Monday 8 November: information + getting started

Monday 22 November: 2nd hour only work on speech 

Thursday 25 November: 2nd hour only work on speech 

> Monday 29 November: speeches

Speeches

29.11 hour 1       Ernesto, Puck, Brandon, Nik, Sinem

2.12 hour 1         Burak, Stas, Zayd, Kiranpreet, Samar, Bastan

6.12 hour 1             Olivier, Kyan, Noor, Faeezah, Kira, Adelcia

9.12 hour 1              Dayyaan, Sara, Eesha, Kai, Cynthia, Ishita

13.12 hour 1                      Lily, Noa, Simon, Alexandra

Did you miss your speech? 

No valid reason = 1.0 

Valid reason -> expected to do it the next lesson 

Communicate!

Plan of action

1. Choose a topic. Brainstorm and decide on something. Run it by me before testweek.
2. What will you say? This is your content.
3. What will the audience be like?
   
4. How will you begin? What is your hook for their attention?
   
5. What will come first, what is your thesis going to be?
6. What will you talk about next?  What arguments will you give? What evidence will you use?
7. How will you end it?
   
8. What body language or gestures might you use?
   
9. What might you be asked? 
10. What’s the worst case scenario and how can you control that and make it the best case scenario?
    
11. Will you use props?
    

You can use the portfolio from last year if you want. 

Nervous? This is what you can do

• Acquire experience - become accustomed to speaking in public. Apart from performing public speeches you can already prepare yourself by getting accustomed to speaking up in class for example.
• Prepare, prepare, prepare - choose a topic you are passionate about and prepare it well
• Think positively 
• Realise that most nervousness is not visible
• Don't expect perfection
• Make sure you get a good night's sleep the day before the speech
• Take slow, deep breaths before you start to speak
• Work hard on your introduction - research has shown that a speaker's anxiety level beings to drop significantly after the introduction 
• Make eye contact with members of your audience. 
• Concentrate on communicating with the audience rather than on worrying about your message and stage fright.
• Use visual aids to draw the attention away from you rom time to time. 
• Always bring prompt cards

Imagine that....